1. High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)

• What: A highly sensitive marker of inflammation in the body.
• Why: Indicates risk of cardiovascular diseases and helps assess chronic inflammation, even when subtle.
• How: Blood sample (no fasting required).
• When: For heart disease risk assessment, autoimmune issues, or monitoring chronic conditions.

2. Sugar (Glucose) Fasting

• What: Measures blood sugar level after 8–12 hours of fasting.
• Why: Detects diabetes, prediabetes, or hypoglycemia.
• How: Blood test after overnight fasting.
• When: Yearly checkup or more frequently if at risk (obesity, family history, PCOS).

3. Iron Studies (Iron, TIBC, Transferrin Saturation)

• What: Measures iron levels, its transport, and saturation.
• Why: Detects iron deficiency or iron overload conditions.
• How: Blood test.
• When: When showing signs of fatigue, weakness, or abnormal CBC results.

4. Liver Function Test (11 Parameters)

• What: Checks liver enzymes, bilirubin, proteins, and ratios.
• Why: Evaluates liver health, detects inflammation, fatty liver, or medication toxicity.
• How: Blood sample.
• When: If symptomatic (jaundice, pain), or for routine monitoring.

5. Lipid Profile (8 Parameters)

• What: Measures total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and ratios.
• Why: Assesses heart disease risk and cholesterol balance.
• How: Blood sample (fasting recommended).
• When: Routinely every 4–6 years; more often if at cardiac risk.

6. Insulin Fasting

• What: Measures insulin hormone after fasting.
• Why: Detects insulin resistance, helps in evaluating metabolic syndrome, diabetes.
• How: Blood test after 8–12 hours of fasting.
• When: In presence of obesity, PCOS, abnormal glucose levels.

7. Thyroid Profile (Total T3, Total T4, TSH)

• What: Assesses thyroid hormone production.
• Why: Detects thyroid dysfunction (hypo or hyperthyroidism).
• How: Blood sample.
• When: Symptoms like fatigue, weight change, mood disorders, or routine screening.

8. HbA1c (Whole Blood)

• What: Reflects average blood glucose over 2–3 months.
• Why: Confirms and monitors diabetes.
• How: Blood test (no fasting needed).
• When: Every 3–6 months in diabetics, annually if at risk.

9. Kidney Profile (5 Parameters)

• What: Includes BUN, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Urea, and BUN/Creatinine ratio.
• Why: Evaluates kidney function and filtering capacity.
• How: Blood test.
• When: During routine checks or if hypertension, diabetes, medication side effects are present.

10. Vitamin Profile (Vitamin B12, 25 OH Vitamin D)

• What: Checks for key nutrient deficiencies.
• Why:
  • B12: Needed for nerves and blood formation.
  • Vitamin D: Essential for bone and immune health.
• How: Blood sample.
• When: When dealing with fatigue, bone pain, dietary deficiency, or neurological symptoms.

11. CBC – Complete Hemogram (28 Parameters)

• What: Analyzes red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, etc.
• Why: Diagnoses anemia, infections, inflammation, and blood disorders.
• How: Blood draw.
• When: Standard annual test or when symptoms like fatigue, fever, bruising arise.