Anti-ro SSA Antibodies by EIA
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Anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies are autoantibodies directed against Ro ribonucleoproteins, which are involved in RNA processing. Their presence is associated with various systemic autoimmune diseases.
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🧪 Anti-Ro (SSA) Antibodies – EIA Method
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Full Name | Anti-Ro (SSA) Antibodies by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) |
Sample Type | Blood (Serum) |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Method | EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay) or ELISA |
Turnaround Time | 2–5 days (depending on lab) |
🔬 What Are Anti-Ro (SSA) Antibodies?
Anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies are autoantibodies directed against Ro ribonucleoproteins, which are involved in RNA processing. Their presence is associated with various systemic autoimmune diseases.
There are two Ro antigens:
- Ro60 (most commonly tested)
- Ro52 (sometimes tested separately)
🧠 Organs Affected
System | Impact |
|---|---|
Immune system | Produces antibodies attacking self-antigens |
Skin, joints, glands, blood vessels | Frequently involved in connective tissue disorders |
Fetal heart (in pregnancy) | Associated with congenital heart block in babies of anti-Ro+ mothers |
🎯 Why Is This Test Done?
Purpose | Clinical Use |
|---|---|
✅ Diagnose Sjögren’s syndrome | Present in up to 70% of cases |
✅ Detect Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | Especially in patients with cutaneous or subacute SLE |
👶 Assess pregnancy risk | Linked with congenital heart block in fetus |
💊 Guide autoimmune disease management | Helps monitor disease progression and treatment planning |
📊 Interpretation
Result | Possible Interpretation |
|---|---|
Negative | No anti-Ro antibodies detected |
Low-Positive | May be seen in mild autoimmunity or early disease |
Positive | Indicates autoimmune activity – especially Sjögren’s or lupus |
Note: Anti-Ro may be positive even when ANA is negative, especially in Sjögren’s.
🧬 Associated Autoimmune Conditions
Condition | Anti-Ro Role |
|---|---|
Sjögren’s Syndrome | Most common marker (with Anti-La/SSB) |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Seen in 30–50%, especially with skin involvement |
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus | Often strongly positive |
Congenital Heart Block (Neonatal Lupus) | Occurs in infants of anti-Ro+ mothers |
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | May be present in overlap syndromes |
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | Occasionally positive in overlap with Sjögren’s |
🔁 Recommended Additional Tests
Test | Why It's Useful |
|---|---|
ANA (Antinuclear Antibodies) | First-line screening for autoimmune disease |
Anti-La (SSB) | Often coexists with Anti-Ro in Sjögren’s |
Anti-dsDNA | Specific marker for SLE |
ENA Panel | Includes Anti-Ro, Anti-La, Anti-Sm, RNP, Jo-1, Scl-70 |
ESR / CRP | Measures inflammation level |
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) | To rule out RA in overlapping syndromes |
Complement (C3/C4) | May be reduced in active SLE |
👩⚕️ Who Should Get This Test?
- Individuals with:
- Dry eyes/mouth (sicca symptoms)
- Photosensitive rashes
- Joint pains and fatigue
- Unexplained autoimmune symptoms
- Pregnant women with a history of autoimmune disease
- Babies with suspected neonatal lupus or congenital heart block
📌 Summary Table
Test Name | Anti-Ro (SSA) Antibodies by EIA |
|---|---|
Organ System | Autoimmune (connective tissue, skin, salivary glands, fetal heart) |
Associated Diseases | Sjögren’s, Lupus, Neonatal Lupus, MCTD |
Sample | Blood (Serum) |
Result Interpretation | Positive = Autoimmune marker |
Paired With | Anti-La, ANA, ENA panel |
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