🔥 1. Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

• An antibody often elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases.
• A positive RF suggests inflammatory joint disease, but some healthy people may also test positive.
• Often paired with CRP and Anti-CCP for accurate diagnosis.

⚠️ 2. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

• A nonspecific marker of inflammation.
• Elevated levels can indicate:
  • Infection
  • Autoimmune flare-ups
  • Chronic diseases (RA, IBD, etc.)
• Helps monitor treatment response and disease progression.

🍬 3. HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin – Whole Blood)

• Reflects average blood sugar over the past 2–3 months.
• Critical for diagnosing and managing diabetes.
  • Normal: <5.7%
  • Prediabetes: 5.7–6.4%
  • Diabetes: ≥6.5%
• Helps reduce risks of heart, nerve, and kidney complications in diabetes.

🧪 4. SGOT (AST)

🧪 5. SGPT (ALT)

• Both are liver enzymes:
  • SGOT (AST) – Also found in heart and muscles
  • SGPT (ALT) – More specific to liver
• Elevated in liver injury, fatty liver, hepatitis, or alcohol damage.
• Often used to assess liver function or monitor medication side effects.

🧫 6. Serum Creatinine

• A byproduct of muscle metabolism, cleared by the kidneys.
• Elevated levels indicate reduced kidney function.
• Often used to calculate eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) for kidney health.

🦴 7. Calcium

• Key for bone strength, nerve signaling, and muscle function.
• Abnormal levels may indicate:
  • Parathyroid disorders
  • Vitamin D imbalance
  • Kidney dysfunction
• Often evaluated alongside phosphorus and vitamin D.

🦠 8. Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO)

• Detects antibodies against Streptococcus bacteria.
• Elevated ASO suggests a recent strep infection.
• Useful in diagnosing:
  • Post-streptococcal complications
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

💧 9. Uric Acid

• A byproduct of purine metabolism.
• Elevated levels are associated with:
  • Gout (painful joint inflammation)
  • Kidney stones
  • Poor kidney function
• Also linked to metabolic syndrome and high-protein diets.