🦴 1. Calcium

• Essential for bone strength, nerve conduction, and muscle function
• Abnormal levels may point to parathyroid issues, vitamin D deficiency, kidney dysfunction, or malignancy

💧 2. Serum Creatinine

• A key marker of kidney function
• Elevated levels indicate reduced kidney filtration
• Often used along with BUN and eGFR for a full renal assessment

🧪 3. Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT)

🧪 4. Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT)

• These are liver enzymes released when liver cells are damaged
• Raised levels suggest hepatitis, alcohol-induced damage, fatty liver, or medication toxicity
• ALT is more liver-specific, while AST can also reflect muscle injury

💥 5. Uric Acid

• Byproduct of purine metabolism
• High levels can cause gout (painful joint inflammation), or be linked to kidney stones and metabolic syndrome

🍬 6. Fasting Blood Sugar (Glucose)

• Checks blood glucose after 8–12 hours fasting
• Interpretation:
  • <100 mg/dL: Normal
  • 100–125: Prediabetes
  • ≥126: Diabetes
• Early detection helps prevent long-term complications

🧔 7. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA – Total)

• Measures protein secreted by prostate gland
• Used to screen for:
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Prostate cancer
  • Prostatitis (inflammation/infection)
• Recommended for men >40 or with urinary symptoms

🚽 8. Urine Complete (18 Parameters)

• Checks for:
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
  • Kidney issues (protein, blood, crystals)
  • Diabetes signs (glucose, ketones)
• Key components: pH, glucose, protein, nitrites, WBCs, RBCs, casts, specific gravity, etc.

🤲 9. Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

• An autoantibody used to detect Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
• Positive RF may also be seen in:
  • Lupus
  • Chronic infections
  • Other autoimmune diseases
• Best interpreted with clinical symptoms and Anti-CCP

❤️ 10. Lipid Profile (8 Parameters)

Includes:

• Total Cholesterol
• HDL ("good")
• LDL ("bad")
• VLDL
• Triglycerides
• Non-HDL
• TC/HDL Ratio
• LDL/HDL Ratio

These indicate risk for atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke.

🩸 11. CBC – Complete Blood Count (28 Parameters)

• Assesses RBCs (anemia), WBCs (infection/immunity), and platelets (clotting)
• Subtests include:
  • Hemoglobin, Hematocrit
  • MCV, MCH, RDW (type of anemia)
  • Total WBC + Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils
  • Platelet count & indices

✅ Summary Table