Colon biopsy -small <1cm
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Screening for polyps or colorectal cancer
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🔬 Colon Biopsy – Small (<1 cm)
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Test Name | Colon Biopsy – Small (<1 cm) |
Sample Type | Tissue sample from colon or rectum (endoscopic biopsy) |
Tissue Size | Small specimen (<1 cm) |
Department | Histopathology / Gastroenterology |
Fasting Required | ✅ Yes, for procedures like colonoscopy |
Turnaround Time | 3–7 days (depends on lab and histopathology workload) |
🧬 What is a Colon Biopsy?
A colon biopsy involves the collection of small tissue samples from the lining of the colon during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. The tissue is sent for histopathological examination to assess for inflammation, infection, neoplasia, or other pathology.
🧭 Why is it Done?
Clinical Reason | Purpose of Biopsy |
|---|---|
Unexplained chronic diarrhea, blood in stool | Check for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infection, or cancer |
Suspected ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease | Confirm inflammation, granulomas, ulceration |
Screening for polyps or colorectal cancer | Identify adenomas or malignancy |
Positive stool occult blood test (FOBT) | Find source of bleeding |
Colon mass or lesion seen on imaging | Determine histological nature (benign/malignant) |
🔍 What Does the Pathologist Look For?
- Mucosal architecture (e.g. crypt distortion in IBD)
- Presence of inflammatory cells
- Atypical cells, dysplasia, or malignancy
- Infective organisms (e.g. amoeba, TB granulomas)
- Polyp type: hyperplastic, adenomatous, serrated
🧪 Stains or Tests Used on the Sample
Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
H&E stain (standard) | Cell morphology and tissue architecture |
Ziehl-Neelsen stain | For tuberculosis or acid-fast bacilli |
PAS stain | Mucins, fungal infections |
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | If malignancy is suspected (e.g., CK20, CDX2) |
Molecular studies | In CRC cases (e.g., KRAS, BRAF mutations) |
🔄 Common Follow-Up/Conjunction Tests
Additional Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
CBC (Complete Blood Count) | Check for anemia or infection |
CRP / ESR | Inflammatory markers for IBD |
Fecal Calprotectin | Non-invasive marker for intestinal inflammation |
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) | Tumor marker if cancer is suspected |
Stool occult blood (FOBT) | Initial screening for blood in stool |
Stool culture / PCR panel | Rule out infectious causes |
❗ Important Notes
- A small-sized biopsy is often sufficient for diagnosis but may not be enough in certain large or deep lesions.
- Results guide treatment decisions — from medical therapy in IBD to surgical planning in malignancies.
📋 Summary
Feature | Details |
|---|---|
Procedure | Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy-guided tissue collection |
Size | <1 cm (small) |
Examined For | Inflammation, dysplasia, infection, cancer |
Associated Symptoms | Bleeding, diarrhea, pain, abnormal imaging or lab tests |
Follow-up Tests | CRP, fecal calprotectin, CEA, stool PCR, CBC |
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