Enzyme Profile (Liver & Pancreas)
6 parameters
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ALT/SGPT (Liver), AST/SGOT (Liver), ALP (Liver), GGT (Liver), Amylase (Pancreas), Lipase (Pacnreas)
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🧪 Liver and Pancreas Enzymes: Detailed Interpretation Guide
Enzyme | Full Name | Primary Organ | Fasting Required? | Function | When It's Elevated | Normal Range (approx.) |
|---|
1. ALT (Alanine Transaminase / SGPT)
- 🔬 Organ: Liver (specific)
- ✅ Fasting: Recommended (8–10 hrs)
- ⚙️ Function: Helps convert proteins into energy for liver cells
- 📈 Elevated In:
- Hepatitis (viral/alcoholic/toxic)
- Fatty liver disease
- Liver injury (e.g., medication-induced)
- ✅ Normal Range: 7–56 U/L
- 🩺 Best marker for liver-specific cell damage
2. AST (Aspartate Transaminase / SGOT)
- 🔬 Organ: Liver, also heart, muscle, kidney, brain
- ✅ Fasting: Recommended
- ⚙️ Function: Involved in amino acid metabolism
- 📈 Elevated In:
- Liver disease (with ALT)
- Heart attack (MI)
- Muscle injury (rhabdomyolysis, trauma)
- ✅ Normal Range: 10–40 U/L
- 🩺 Interpretation is better when AST/ALT ratio is considered
3. ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- 🔬 Organ: Liver, bile ducts, bones
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- ⚙️ Function: Helps break down proteins, especially during bile formation
- 📈 Elevated In:
- Biliary obstruction (e.g., gallstones, tumors)
- Bone growth or disease (e.g., Paget’s disease)
- Pregnancy (placental origin)
- ✅ Normal Range: 44–147 IU/L
- 🩺 Always interpret alongside GGT to pinpoint liver vs. bone origin
4. GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase)
- 🔬 Organ: Liver and bile ducts
- ✅ Fasting: Yes (avoid alcohol 24–48 hrs before test)
- ⚙️ Function: Involved in glutathione metabolism and bile secretion
- 📈 Elevated In:
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Biliary tract obstruction
- Hepatitis
- Medication-induced liver toxicity (e.g., statins, phenytoin)
- ✅ Normal Range:
- Men: 8–61 U/L
- Women: 5–36 U/L
- 🩺 Helps differentiate liver vs. bone source when ALP is high
5. Amylase
- 🔬 Organ: Pancreas, also salivary glands
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- ⚙️ Function: Breaks down carbohydrates
- 📈 Elevated In:
- Acute pancreatitis (rises within 2–12 hrs)
- Pancreatic duct obstruction
- Mumps (salivary origin)
- ✅ Normal Range: 30–110 U/L
- 🩺 May return to normal faster than lipase after acute pancreatitis
6. Lipase
- 🔬 Organ: Pancreas
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- ⚙️ Function: Breaks down fats
- 📈 Elevated In:
- Acute or chronic pancreatitis
- Pancreatic tumors or cysts
- Kidney disease (slowed clearance)
- ✅ Normal Range: 0–160 U/L
- 🩺 More specific than amylase for pancreatic injury
🔍 How These Enzymes Help Diagnose Conditions
Condition | Likely Enzyme Changes |
|---|---|
Viral hepatitis | ↑ ALT, ↑ AST (ALT > AST) |
Alcoholic liver disease | ↑ AST, ↑ ALT (AST > ALT, often >2:1) |
Bile duct obstruction | ↑ ALP, ↑ GGT, mildly ↑ ALT/AST |
Acute pancreatitis | ↑ Amylase, ↑ Lipase (Lipase is more specific) |
Liver metastasis or tumor | ↑ ALP, ↑ GGT |
Muscle injury (e.g., trauma) | ↑ AST (without ALT elevation) |
🔁 Recommended Panel Groupings
Concern | Panel of Tests |
|---|---|
Liver health check | ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, Bilirubin, Albumin, PT/INR |
Suspected pancreatitis | Amylase, Lipase, CBC, CRP, Abdominal Ultrasound |
Cholestasis | ALP + GGT + Bilirubin Total/Direct |
Fatty liver/NAFLD | ALT, AST, GGT, USG abdomen |
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