FSH, LH & Prolactin
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Measures prolactin hormone to evaluate pituitary tumors, infertility, or galactorrhea.
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🧪 What Are FSH, LH & Prolactin?
Hormone | Description |
|---|---|
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) | A gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicle development in women and spermatogenesis in men. |
LH (Luteinizing Hormone) | Another gonadotropin from the pituitary; triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation in women, and testosterone production in men. |
Prolactin | A hormone secreted by the pituitary that promotes breast development and milk production. It also suppresses GnRH, reducing FSH/LH when elevated. |
❓ Why Are These Tests Done?
To:
- Evaluate menstrual irregularities or amenorrhea
- Assess infertility in men and women
- Diagnose hypogonadism, delayed or precocious puberty
- Investigate galactorrhea (abnormal breast milk production)
- Screen for pituitary tumors (especially prolactinomas)
- Monitor PCOS, hyperprolactinemia, or hypopituitarism
📊 Normal Ranges (may vary by lab and method)
🔹 FSH (mIU/mL)
Group | Normal Range |
|---|---|
Women – Follicular phase | 3 – 10 |
Women – Ovulation | 6 – 20 |
Women – Luteal phase | 1.5 – 9 |
Postmenopausal Women | 30 – 130 |
Men | 1 – 12 |
🔹 LH (mIU/mL)
Group | Normal Range |
|---|---|
Women – Follicular phase | 2 – 12 |
Women – Ovulation | 14 – 95 |
Women – Luteal phase | 1 – 14 |
Postmenopausal Women | 15 – 60 |
Men | 1.5 – 9.3 |
🔹 Prolactin (ng/mL)
Group | Normal Range |
|---|---|
Women (non-pregnant) | 4 – 25 |
Men | 4 – 15 |
Pregnancy | Up to 300 (significantly elevated is normal) |
📈 Interpretation of Results
Hormone | High Value | Low Value |
|---|---|---|
FSH | - Primary ovarian failure (e.g., menopause, Turner syndrome) | - Pituitary/hypothalamic dysfunction |
LH | - PCOS (LH:FSH > 2:1) | - Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism |
Prolactin | - Prolactinoma | - Pituitary dysfunction (rare) |
🧠 Associated Organs and Conditions
Organ/System | Role/Conditions |
|---|---|
Pituitary gland | Secretes FSH, LH, prolactin |
Hypothalamus | Regulates hormone release via GnRH and dopamine |
Ovaries/Testes | Target organs for FSH and LH |
Breast tissue | Target organ for prolactin |
Thyroid | Hypothyroidism may elevate prolactin via TRH stimulation |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Estradiol / Testosterone
- Thyroid function (TSH, Free T4) – for hyperprolactinemia
- GnRH stimulation test
- MRI brain (sellar region) – if pituitary tumor suspected
- AMH / Antral Follicle Count – for ovarian reserve
- Semen analysis – in male infertility
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Required |
|---|---|
FSH, LH, Prolactin | ❌ Not strictly required, but: |
- Morning sample (between 7–10 AM) is preferred, especially for Prolactin, due to diurnal variation
- Avoid stress, exercise, and nipple stimulation before the test |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | FSH | LH | Prolactin |
|---|---|---|---|
What | Gonadotropin for follicle/sperm development | Gonadotropin for ovulation/testosterone | Pituitary hormone for lactation |
Why Test | Infertility, menstrual issues, puberty | Same | Galactorrhea, infertility, pituitary tumor |
Normal Range | Women: 3–20 mIU/mL | Women: 2–95 mIU/mL | Women: 4–25 ng/mL |
High | Gonadal failure, menopause | PCOS, ovulation surge | Prolactinoma, hypothyroidism, meds |
Low | Hypopituitarism, stress | Hypopituitarism | Pituitary failure |
Fasting | ❌ No, but morning sample preferred | ||
Follow-up | Estradiol, Testosterone, TSH, MRI brain |
How our test process works!
