GB specimen -Medium Biopsy 1-3 cm
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Confirm or rule out malignancy (especially gall bladder carcinoma)
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🧪 What is a Gall Bladder – Medium Biopsy (1–3 cm)?
A medium gall bladder biopsy involves removing a 1–3 cm portion of the gall bladder tissue (typically wall or mucosa) for histopathological analysis.
This is generally performed during:
- Cholecystectomy (gall bladder removal)
- Laparoscopic sampling for localized thickening or lesion
- Evaluation of polyps, wall thickening, or chronic inflammation
It is smaller than a large biopsy (3–6 cm) but adequate for diagnostic evaluation.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Evaluate gall bladder wall changes seen on imaging (e.g. thickening, calcification)
- Rule out gall bladder carcinoma (GBC), especially in older patients or those with gallstones
- Diagnose chronic or xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis
- Assess polypoid lesions, cholesterolosis, or granulomatous disease
🧠 Associated Organs and Conditions
Organ | Common Conditions |
|---|---|
Gall Bladder | - Chronic cholecystitis |
Liver (adjacent) | May be infiltrated in GBC or inflammation |
Biliary tract | Often shows associated ductal stones or strictures |
🔍 Histopathology Looks For:
- Epithelial atypia or malignancy
- Chronic inflammatory infiltrates
- Foamy macrophages, fibrosis in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis
- Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
- Dysplasia, metaplasia, or carcinoma in situ
📈 Interpretation of Results
Finding | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|
Normal mucosa | No significant pathology |
Chronic cholecystitis | Suggests long-standing inflammation, often due to gallstones |
Granulomatous inflammation | May indicate TB, sarcoidosis |
Dysplasia / Carcinoma in situ | Pre-cancerous change |
Invasive carcinoma | Confirms gall bladder cancer (GBC) |
Cholesterolosis / Polyps | Benign lesions, sometimes require follow-up |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Ultrasound / CT scan of abdomen
- Tumor markers – CA 19-9, CEA if malignancy is suspected
- Liver function tests (LFTs)
- Bile cytology (if gall bladder aspirate obtained)
- PET-CT / MRI – In confirmed malignancy
- ERCP / MRCP – If biliary obstruction or strictures suspected
✅ Fasting Required?
Parameter | Requirement |
|---|---|
Gall bladder biopsy (surgical or laparoscopic) | ✅ Yes – 6–8 hours fasting required if done under general anesthesia or laparoscopic access |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Summary |
|---|---|
What | Histopathological examination of a 1–3 cm tissue segment from the gall bladder |
Why | Diagnose cholecystitis, polyps, or gall bladder carcinoma |
Common Findings | Chronic inflammation, polyps, dysplasia, carcinoma |
Associated Conditions | Gallstones, chronic cholecystitis, GBC, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis |
Follow-up Tests | CA 19-9, imaging, LFTs, ERCP/MRCP |
Fasting Required | ✅ Yes, if procedure is surgical |
How our test process works!
