HLA B27 studies (PCR)
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HLA-B27 is not a disease but is strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, especially seronegative spondyloarthropathies.
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🧬 What is HLA-B27 (PCR)?
HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a genetic marker on the surface of white blood cells. This test detects the presence of the HLA-B27 gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
- PCR offers high sensitivity and specificity for detecting the HLA-B27 allele.
- HLA-B27 is not a disease but is strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, especially seronegative spondyloarthropathies.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Support the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related disorders
- Evaluate unexplained chronic back pain, joint stiffness, or uveitis
- Confirm a genetic predisposition in symptomatic patients or family members
- Help differentiate types of inflammatory arthritis
This test is not diagnostic alone but adds weight when clinical features are present.
📊 Interpretation of Results
Result | Meaning |
|---|---|
Positive | HLA-B27 gene present – higher risk for certain autoimmune diseases |
Negative | Gene absent – lower likelihood of HLA-B27-associated conditions |
About 8–10% of the general population carries HLA-B27; not all will develop disease.
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
System | Conditions Associated with HLA-B27 |
|---|---|
Musculoskeletal | Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Reactive arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome), Psoriatic arthritis, Enteropathic arthritis (IBD-related) |
Eyes | Uveitis, iritis |
GI tract | Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis (with arthritis) |
Skin | Psoriasis (with arthritis) |
90–95% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis are HLA-B27 positive, but only a minority of HLA-B27-positive individuals develop disease.
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- X-ray or MRI of sacroiliac joints – To confirm AS
- ESR, CRP – Inflammatory markers
- Rheumatoid Factor (RF), Anti-CCP – To rule out other forms of arthritis
- ANA – To rule out lupus or other autoimmune diseases
- Uveitis workup – If eye symptoms are present
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
HLA-B27 (PCR) | ❌ No fasting required |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
What | Genetic test using PCR to detect the HLA-B27 gene allele |
Why | To help diagnose ankylosing spondylitis and related autoimmune disorders |
Result | Positive = genetic predisposition; Negative = less likely |
Associated Conditions | AS, reactive arthritis, uveitis, psoriatic arthritis, IBD-related arthritis |
Follow-up Tests | ESR, CRP, MRI of SI joints, RF, Anti-CCP, ANA |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
How our test process works!
