Kidney Profile
6 parameters
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BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Creatinine, Uric Acid, BUN/Creatinine Ratio, Urea, Urea/Creatinine Ratio
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🧪 Kidney (Renal) Function Test Panel – Detailed Explanation
Test Name | Fasting Required? | Organ/System | What It Measures | Key Clinical Use | Conjunctive Tests |
|---|
1. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
- ✅ Fasting: Recommended (8–12 hrs)
- 🎯 System: Kidneys, Liver
- 📊 Measures: Urea nitrogen in the blood – a waste product from protein breakdown
- 🩺 High BUN: Kidney dysfunction, dehydration, GI bleed, high protein diet
- 🩺 Low BUN: Liver disease, malnutrition, overhydration
- 🔗 Test With: Creatinine, Urea, Electrolytes
2. Creatinine (Serum)
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- 🎯 System: Kidneys
- 📊 Measures: Byproduct of muscle metabolism; filtered by kidneys
- 🩺 High: Impaired kidney filtration (chronic or acute kidney disease)
- 🩺 Low: Low muscle mass, liver disease
- 🔗 Test With: BUN, Urea, eGFR
3. Uric Acid
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- 🎯 System: Kidneys, Joints
- 📊 Measures: Waste from purine metabolism; normally excreted by kidneys
- 🩺 High: Gout, kidney stones, renal disease, high purine diet
- 🩺 Low: Liver disease, Fanconi syndrome
- 🔗 Test With: Creatinine, CBC (if gout suspected), Joint profile
4. BUN/Creatinine Ratio
- ❌ Fasting: Same as individual tests
- 🎯 System: Kidneys
- 📊 Calculates: Balance between nitrogen waste and muscle byproduct filtration
- 🩺 High Ratio (>20:1): Dehydration, GI bleeding, catabolism
- 🩺 Low Ratio (<10:1): Liver disease, malnutrition, dialysis
- 🔗 Test With: Individual BUN, Creatinine, Electrolytes
5. Urea
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- 🎯 System: Kidneys, Liver
- 📊 Measures: Amount of urea (a form of nitrogen) in blood – precursor to BUN
- 🩺 High: Kidney dysfunction, high protein intake, dehydration
- 🩺 Low: Liver failure, low protein intake
- 🔗 Test With: Urea/Creatinine Ratio, Liver profile
6. Urea/Creatinine Ratio
- ❌ Fasting: As per above
- 🎯 System: Kidney metabolism
- 📊 Calculates: Ratio of urea to creatinine – helps understand the nature of kidney dysfunction
- 🩺 High Ratio: Pre-renal cause (dehydration, reduced perfusion)
- 🩺 Low Ratio: Liver disease, acute tubular necrosis
- 🔗 Test With: Electrolytes, Urinalysis
📋 Summary Table
Marker | Primary Use | High Levels May Indicate | Low Levels May Indicate |
|---|---|---|---|
BUN | Kidney & protein metabolism | Renal failure, dehydration, high protein | Liver disease, overhydration, low protein |
Creatinine | Kidney filtration rate | Renal dysfunction | Low muscle mass |
Uric Acid | Gout/kidney stone risk | Gout, kidney disease | Fanconi syndrome, liver disease |
BUN/Creatinine | Nature of renal dysfunction | Dehydration, bleeding | Liver dysfunction, dialysis |
Urea | Similar to BUN but more global | Kidney overload | Liver dysfunction |
Urea/Creatinine | Refined kidney filter check | Pre-renal causes | Tubular damage, low synthesis |
🧪 Recommended Additional Tests for Kidney Evaluation:
Category | Tests |
|---|---|
Kidney Filtration | eGFR, Cystatin C (optional for precision) |
Urinalysis | Urine Routine, Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) |
Metabolic Panel | Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Phosphorus |
Liver Panel | To differentiate low BUN/Urea causes |
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