TORCH Panel
10 parameters
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Cytomegalo Virus (CMV) IgG, Cytomegalo Virus (CMV) IgM, Herpes Simplex Virus (HCV) I IgG, Herpes Simplex Virus (HCV) I IgM, Herpes Simplex Virus (HCV) II IgG, Herpes Simplex Virus (HCV) II IgM, Rubella IgG, Rubella IgM, Toxoplasma Gondii IgG, Toxoplasma Gondii IgM
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🧪 1–10: TORCH Panel (IgG and IgM Antibodies)
Test | Purpose | IgG | IgM | Fasting Required |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. CMV IgG | Past infection or immunity | Positive = Past exposure or immunity | ❌ | ❌ |
2. CMV IgM | Current/recent infection | ❌ | Positive = Acute CMV (can harm fetus) | ❌ |
3. HSV I IgG | Past Herpes Simplex Virus 1 infection (cold sores) | Positive = Past exposure | ❌ | ❌ |
4. HSV I IgM | Acute or reactivation of HSV-1 | ❌ | Positive = Active or recent infection | ❌ |
5. HSV II IgG | Past HSV-2 infection (genital herpes) | Positive = Past exposure | ❌ | ❌ |
6. HSV II IgM | Active genital herpes | ❌ | Positive = Recent or reactivation of HSV-2 | ❌ |
7. Rubella IgG | Immunity to Rubella (MMR vaccine/past infection) | Positive = Immune | ❌ | ❌ |
8. Rubella IgM | Acute rubella – dangerous during pregnancy | ❌ | Positive = Recent infection (risk to fetus) | ❌ |
9. Toxoplasma IgG | Past Toxoplasma gondii infection | Positive = Past exposure | ❌ | ❌ |
10. Toxoplasma IgM | Acute toxoplasmosis – risk in pregnancy | ❌ | Positive = Recent infection | ❌ |
🔍 Detailed Summary of Each Group
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG & IgM
- IgG: Indicates past exposure; >90% of adults are positive. Protective in pregnancy if already immune.
- IgM: Indicates recent infection. Dangerous in pregnancy → can lead to congenital CMV.
Follow-Up:
- CMV DNA PCR
- IgG Avidity (to differentiate recent vs past infection)
- Ultrasound in pregnancy if IgM positive
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV I & II) IgG / IgM
- IgG (I & II): Indicates past exposure; HSV-1 (oral), HSV-2 (genital)
- IgM (I & II): Indicates active infection or reactivation
Follow-Up:
- HSV PCR
- Viral culture
- Clinical correlation with symptoms
Rubella IgG & IgM
- IgG: Indicates immunity – from vaccine or past infection. Required for pre-pregnancy screening.
- IgM: Indicates recent infection → risk of congenital rubella syndrome.
Follow-Up:
- Repeat IgM after 1–2 weeks
- Rubella PCR (if available)
- Fetal ultrasound
Toxoplasma Gondii IgG & IgM
- IgG: Indicates past exposure (usually harmless if prior immunity)
- IgM: Indicates recent infection, potentially dangerous for the fetus
Follow-Up:
- IgG Avidity
- Toxoplasma PCR (amniotic fluid)
- Fetal imaging
🧠 Associated Risks (Especially in Pregnancy)
Pathogen | Risk to Fetus if IgM Positive |
|---|---|
CMV | Deafness, mental retardation, IUGR |
HSV | Neonatal herpes (life-threatening) |
Rubella | Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS): heart, hearing, eye defects |
Toxoplasma | Brain calcifications, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis |
✅ Fasting Requirement
- ❌ None of the above tests require fasting
📋 TORCH Profile Summary Table
Pathogen/Test | IgG Meaning | IgM Meaning | Risk in Pregnancy |
|---|---|---|---|
CMV | Past exposure | Recent infection | High |
HSV I | Past HSV-1 | Reactivation or primary | Moderate |
HSV II | Past HSV-2 | Recent genital infection | High (neonatal herpes) |
Rubella | Immunity (post-vaccine/past infection) | Recent infection | Very High |
Toxoplasma | Past exposure | Recent infection | High |
How our test process works!
