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🧪 What are Bence Jones Proteins?

Bence Jones Proteins are free monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (either kappa or lambda) excreted in the urine. They are typically produced in excess by abnormal plasma cells in disorders such as multiple myeloma.

❓ Why is the Test Done?

To:

Diagnose and monitor multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias
Detect light chain disease
Assess for amyloidosis or other monoclonal gammopathies
Evaluate patients with symptoms such as bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction

📊 Normal Range

Result	Interpretation
Negative	No detectable Bence Jones proteins in urine
Positive	Presence of Bence Jones proteins; abnormal plasma cell proliferation

📈 Interpretation of Results

Result	Clinical Significance
Positive BJP	Suggestive of multiple myeloma or related disorders
Negative BJP	Does not rule out myeloma; may require serum studies

🧠 Associated Conditions

Condition	Details
Multiple myeloma	Malignant plasma cell disorder producing excess light chains
Light chain amyloidosis	Deposition of light chains causing organ damage
Monoclonal gammopathy	Abnormal monoclonal protein production

🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
Serum free light chain assay
Bone marrow biopsy
Immunofixation electrophoresis
Renal function tests

✅ Fasting Required?

Test	Fasting Required
Urine Bence Jones Protein	❌ No

📝 Summary Table

Parameter	Details
What	Detects free monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in urine
Why	Diagnose and monitor multiple myeloma and related disorders
Normal Result	Negative; no Bence Jones proteins
Positive Result	Indicates abnormal plasma cell proliferation
Associated Conditions	Multiple myeloma, light chain amyloidosis
Follow-up Tests	SPEP, serum free light chains, bone marrow biopsy
Fasting Required	❌ No

Urine Bence Jones Proteins- BJP

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