What is 17 Alpha Hydroxy Progesterone?

17 Alpha Hydroxy Progesterone (17-OHP) is a hormone primarily produced by the adrenal glands and, to a lesser extent, by the gonads. A blood test measuring 17-OHP levels is commonly used to screen for, diagnose, and monitor congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and other adrenal gland disorders.

Why is the 17-OHP Test Important?

17-OHP plays a key role in the pathway that produces cortisol, a hormone essential for:

• Responding to stress
• Regulating blood sugar
• Supporting metabolism and immune function

In individuals with CAH, a genetic disorder, a deficiency of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase prevents the proper conversion of 17-OHP into cortisol. This results in:

• Low cortisol and aldosterone levels
• Excess production of androgens (male sex hormones)

Uses of the 17-OHP Test

The test is used to:

• Diagnose congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
• Monitor cortisol replacement therapy
• Evaluate symptoms such as infertility, irregular menstruation, or excessive hair growth
• Investigate ambiguous genitalia in newborns
• Assess for possible adrenal or ovarian tumors

What Does It Measure?

The test measures the level of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the blood, helping detect hormone imbalances related to:

• CAH
• Adrenal tumors
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

High 17-OHP Levels May Indicate:

• 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency in infants with adrenal insufficiency symptoms (e.g., low blood pressure, low blood sugar, high potassium)
• Androgen excess in females, leading to symptoms such as:
  • Hirsutism (excess facial/body hair)
  • Deepening of the voice
  • Irregular or absent periods
  • Infertility

Preparation and Timing

• No fasting is required
• An early morning blood sample is preferred for accuracy
• In women, the test may need to be scheduled based on the menstrual cycle phase
• Steroid medications should be avoided before the test, as they may alter results

Important Note on Interpretation

Results can vary depending on the laboratory. Never self-diagnose or start treatment based solely on lab reports. Always consult a healthcare professional for interpretation and next steps.

FAQs: 17 Alpha Hydroxy Progesterone

Q: What is the purpose of the 17-OHP blood test?
A: It helps diagnose inherited disorders like CAH, which impair cortisol production in the adrenal glands.

Q: What are the symptoms of 17-hydroxylase deficiency?
A: This deficiency may cause ambiguous genitalia, delayed puberty, high blood pressure, or low potassium levels. It’s often not detected at birth.

Q: Why might 17-OHP levels be low?
A: Low levels can result from adrenal insufficiency, pituitary disorders, or suppression of the adrenal glands due to steroid medications.

Q: Is fasting needed for this test?
A: No, fasting is not required.

Q: What is CAH in females?
A: CAH is a genetic condition that affects hormone production in the adrenal glands, often leading to excess androgen levels and symptoms like irregular menstruation or infertility.

Q: Can CAH lead to PCOS?
A: Yes, some females with CAH may develop PCOS-like symptoms due to hormonal imbalances affecting enzyme activity and cortisol production.