Acid Phosphatase
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A biochemical assay primarily used in the context of prostate health, certain bone diseases, and blood cancers
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🧪 Acid Phosphatase (ACP) Test
Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
Fasting Required? | ✅ Preferred (8–10 hours fasting, especially if prostate ACP is tested) |
Sample Type | Blood (serum); occasionally semen or prostate fluid |
Main Organs Involved | Prostate, liver, bone, red blood cells |
Typical Use | Assess prostate carcinoma, bone disease, Gaucher’s or Paget’s disease |
🔬 What Is Acid Phosphatase?
- Acid phosphatases are a group of enzymes that function best in an acidic environment.
- Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a type of ACP secreted by the prostate gland.
- Other types originate from bone, liver, spleen, RBCs, and platelets.
🧠 Clinical Significance
Type of ACP | Clinical Use |
|---|---|
Prostatic ACP (PAP) | Detecting or monitoring prostate cancer, especially when metastatic |
Total ACP | Helpful in bone disorders, Gaucher’s disease, or blood-related cancers |
Elevated ACP | Also seen in multiple myeloma, leukemias, or hemolytic anemias |
🔴 Note: PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) has largely replaced PAP for routine prostate screening, but PAP may still be useful in staging advanced disease.
📈 Interpretation of Results
ACP Level | Possible Indication |
|---|---|
✅ Normal | No significant pathology |
⬆️ Mild elevation | Bone growth/remodeling, anemia, mild liver dysfunction |
⬆️ High elevation | Prostate cancer (esp. metastatic), Paget’s disease, Gaucher’s, AML |
🧪 Types of Acid Phosphatase Tests
Test Name | Target | Typical Context |
|---|---|---|
Total Acid Phosphatase | All isoenzymes (prostate, bone, etc.) | General screening or bone disease |
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) | Specific to prostate | Prostate cancer monitoring |
🧪 Recommended Conjunction Tests
Test | Why It's Done |
|---|---|
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | Primary marker for prostate screening |
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase | Evaluate bone turnover and compare with ACP |
Liver Function Tests (LFT) | Rule out liver source of elevation |
Bone Scan / MRI / PET-CT | In suspected metastatic prostate or bone disease |
Hemogram / LDH | For leukemia or myeloproliferative disease suspicion |
✅ Summary Table
Test Name | Acid Phosphatase (ACP) |
|---|---|
Purpose | Detect prostate cancer, bone disease, or hematologic issues |
Fasting Required | Preferred (especially for prostatic ACP) |
Sample Type | Blood serum |
Used With | PSA, bone markers, imaging |
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