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Acid Phosphatase

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Report in 48Hrs

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At Home

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Fasting Required

Details

A biochemical assay primarily used in the context of prostate health, certain bone diseases, and blood cancers

₹369₹475

22% OFF

Acid Phosphatase Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Measures the level of acid phosphatase enzyme in the blood, with particular clinical importance for prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP) detection
    • Primarily indicated for screening and monitoring prostate cancer, particularly to assess for metastatic disease
    • Used to evaluate bone disease including Paget's disease, osteoporosis, and metastatic bone cancer
    • May be ordered when prostate cancer diagnosis is suspected or to monitor treatment response in known prostate malignancy
    • Useful in investigating cases of bone pain, fractures, or other symptoms suggesting bone pathology
    • May be performed routinely as part of initial cancer workup or during surveillance following cancer treatment
  • Normal Range
    • Total Acid Phosphatase (TAP): 0.8-5.5 U/L (units per liter) or 2-5.5 IU/L depending on laboratory methodology
    • Prostate-Specific Acid Phosphatase (PAP): 0-3 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter) for males; <0.5 ng/mL for females
    • Reference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories due to different assay methods and calibration procedures
    • Normal/Negative result: Values within the established reference range indicate normal enzyme levels and typically suggest absence of significant prostate or bone pathology
    • Elevated/Abnormal result: Values above the upper limit of normal may indicate prostate cancer with possible metastasis, bone disease, or other pathological conditions
    • Borderline elevation: Modestly elevated levels require clinical correlation and may warrant repeat testing or additional investigation
  • Interpretation
    • Mildly elevated levels (1.5-2x upper limit): May indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, or minor bone turnover; clinical correlation needed
    • Moderately elevated levels (2-5x upper limit): Suggestive of localized prostate cancer or significant bone pathology; warrants further diagnostic investigation
    • Markedly elevated levels (>5x upper limit): Highly suggestive of metastatic prostate cancer, advanced bone disease, or multiple myeloma; requires urgent further evaluation
    • Factors affecting results: Recent digital rectal examination (DRE) can cause transient elevation; bicycling or vigorous exercise may elevate levels; infection or inflammation increases values
    • Serial monitoring importance: Single elevated result less clinically significant than rising trend over time; stable or declining levels in treated patients suggest treatment effectiveness
    • Clinical context essential: Acid phosphatase values must be interpreted alongside PSA levels, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, and histopathologic results for accurate diagnosis
    • Source specificity: PAP is more specific to prostate than total acid phosphatase; other tissues (bone, RBCs, platelets) also produce acid phosphatase, affecting interpretation
    • Treatment response assessment: Declining PAP levels after prostate cancer treatment indicate favorable response; persistent or rising levels suggest inadequate treatment response
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary: Prostate gland (source of PAP), bone tissue (osteoclasts and osteoblasts), red blood cells, platelets, and hepatic cells
    • Prostate cancer: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes mild elevation; localized cancer may show moderate elevation; metastatic disease typically shows marked elevation
    • Bone diseases: Paget's disease (characteristic substantial elevation), osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, bone metastases, and metabolic bone disorders
    • Liver disease: Hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and severe hepatitis may elevate acid phosphatase levels
    • Other conditions: Hemolytic anemia (due to RBC source), thrombocytosis, bone marrow disorders, and certain infections causing osteomyelitis
    • Complications of abnormal results: Metastatic prostate cancer may lead to skeletal complications including pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and pain
    • Advanced bone disease risk: Significantly elevated acid phosphatase may indicate aggressive bone disease requiring urgent intervention to prevent fractures and complications
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Highly recommended if acid phosphatase is elevated; essential companion marker for prostate cancer screening and monitoring
    • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): Clinical physical examination to assess prostate size, texture, and nodularity when PSA or acid phosphatase elevated
    • Prostate Ultrasound/MRI: Imaging studies if clinical suspicion for prostate cancer; assists in localization and staging
    • Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase: Complements acid phosphatase for evaluating bone turnover and metabolic bone disease
    • Alkaline phosphatase: Differentiates source of phosphatase elevation between liver and bone disease
    • Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin): Recommended if clinical suspicion for hepatic involvement or metastatic disease
    • Bone scan or PET scan: Indicated for staging metastatic prostate cancer to detect skeletal involvement
    • Prostate biopsy: Confirmatory test if imaging and elevated tumor markers suggest malignancy
    • Serum calcium and phosphate: Assess metabolic bone disease and monitor for complications of bone involvement
    • Repeat acid phosphatase testing: Typically recommended every 3-6 months for cancer patients during active surveillance; frequency adjusted based on treatment response
    • Imaging for metastases: CT scan or MRI if markedly elevated values or clinical signs suggesting systemic spread
  • Fasting Required?
    • No, fasting is NOT required for acid phosphatase testing. Blood can be drawn at any time during the day regardless of meals or food intake.
    • Special instructions for accurate results:
    • Avoid digital rectal examination (DRE) for at least 48 hours before testing, as DRE can cause temporary elevation of acid phosphatase and PSA
    • Avoid prostate massage or urological procedures within 48 hours of blood draw
    • Avoid vigorous cycling or bicycling 24-48 hours prior to test, as physical trauma to the perineal area may elevate results
    • No specific medications need to be avoided before acid phosphatase testing; continue all regularly prescribed medications
    • Avoid ejaculation for 48 hours before testing as it may transiently elevate prostate-specific acid phosphatase
    • Inform healthcare provider of recent prostate-related procedures or infections, as these can artificially elevate results
    • Normal hydration recommended; no need for excessive fluid intake or restriction
    • Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing to the appointment to avoid unnecessary perineal pressure

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