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Advanced Influenza Panel by RT-PCR

Bacterial/ Viral

6 parameters

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Report in 48Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Viral respiratory PCR panel.

₹7,299₹9,999

27% OFF

Parameters

  • List of Tests
    • Influenza A
    • Swine Influenza B
    • Swine H1N1
    • SARS-Cov-2
    • H3N2
    • RSV A/B

Advanced Influenza Panel by RT-PCR

  • Why is it done?
    • Comprehensive respiratory virus detection: This test panel simultaneously detects multiple respiratory viruses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the gold standard for viral nucleic acid identification
    • Influenza A detection: Identifies infection with Influenza A virus, which represents a significant portion of seasonal and pandemic influenza cases
    • Influenza B and Swine Influenza B detection: Distinguishes between different circulating influenza B lineages to guide appropriate treatment strategies
    • H1N1 and H3N2 subtyping: Identifies specific Influenza A subtypes (Swine H1N1 and H3N2) for epidemiological tracking and targeted antiviral therapy
    • SARS-CoV-2 co-detection: Simultaneously tests for COVID-19 to rule out or confirm concurrent coronavirus infection, especially important during pandemic and post-pandemic periods
    • RSV A and B detection: Identifies Respiratory Syncytial Virus strains, important in pediatric and elderly populations for differentiating from influenza-like illness
    • Clinical indications: Acute respiratory illness with fever, cough, and constitutional symptoms during influenza season or suspected outbreaks
    • High-risk patient evaluation: Essential for hospitalized patients, immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and patients with chronic medical conditions presenting with respiratory symptoms
    • Outbreak investigation and epidemiological tracking: Used in healthcare facilities and communities to identify circulating viral strains and implement infection control measures
    • Timing: Most sensitive when performed within 3-7 days of symptom onset; earlier testing generally yields more reliable results
  • Normal Range
    • Influenza A: Negative (Not Detected) - indicates absence of Influenza A virus in the respiratory specimen
    • Swine Influenza B: Negative (Not Detected) - indicates absence of Influenza B virus (swine lineage) in the specimen
    • Swine H1N1: Negative (Not Detected) - indicates absence of H1N1 influenza A subtype in the specimen
    • SARS-CoV-2: Negative (Not Detected) - indicates absence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the specimen
    • H3N2: Negative (Not Detected) - indicates absence of H3N2 influenza A subtype in the specimen
    • RSV A/B: Negative (Not Detected) - indicates absence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus types A or B in the specimen
    • Result reporting units: Results are reported as qualitative findings (Positive/Detected or Negative/Not Detected) rather than quantitative numerical values
    • Cycle threshold (Ct) values: Some laboratories may report cycle threshold values as a semi-quantitative measure of viral load, with lower Ct values generally indicating higher viral load
    • Normal interpretation: All tests showing Negative (Not Detected) indicates no evidence of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, or RSV infection in the tested respiratory specimen
  • Interpretation
    • Influenza A Positive: Indicates confirmed Influenza A virus infection; warrants initiation of neuraminidase inhibitor therapy (oseltamivir, zanamivir) within 48 hours of symptom onset for optimal effectiveness
    • Influenza A Negative: Reasonably excludes Influenza A infection; if performed after 7 days of symptom onset, negative result may be less reliable due to declining viral shedding
    • Swine Influenza B Positive: Confirms Influenza B virus infection (swine lineage); generally treated similar to Influenza A with antiviral medications, though B typically causes milder disease
    • Swine H1N1 Positive: Identifies H1N1 subtype of Influenza A; important for epidemiological surveillance and potential pandemic monitoring; requires antiviral therapy
    • SARS-CoV-2 Positive: Confirms COVID-19 infection; indicates need for isolation protocols, contact tracing, and potential antiviral treatment (Paxlovid, remdesivir) depending on disease severity
    • SARS-CoV-2 Negative: Reasonably excludes COVID-19 infection at time of testing; however, negative results very early in infection or late-stage disease may be falsely reassuring
    • H3N2 Positive: Identifies H3N2 subtype of Influenza A; predominant seasonal strain in many years; managed with standard antiviral therapy
    • RSV A/B Positive: Confirms Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection; primarily symptomatic care, supportive therapy, and isolation precautions; antiviral therapy (ribavirin) reserved for severe immunocompromised patients
    • Co-infection interpretation: If multiple viruses detected (e.g., Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2), patient has documented co-infection requiring management of both conditions
    • Factors affecting results: False negatives may occur if specimen collected >7 days after symptom onset, improper specimen collection, contamination, or immunocompromised patients with prolonged viral shedding
    • False positives: Rare with RT-PCR but may occur due to laboratory contamination or cross-reactivity in extremely rare instances; confirmation recommended if result conflicts with clinical presentation
    • High-risk patients: May have prolonged viral shedding (>14 days in severe cases), making testing less predictive of current infectivity in severely immunocompromised individuals
  • Associated Organs
    • Influenza A: Primary target organs are the upper and lower respiratory tract (nasal epithelium, trachea, bronchi, lungs); can cause acute viral pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis
    • Influenza A complications: Secondary bacterial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, encephalitis, and systemic inflammatory response can affect heart, brain, and immune system
    • Swine Influenza B: Affects respiratory tract similar to Influenza A with potential for pneumonia and bronchitis; generally causes less severe disease than Influenza A
    • Swine H1N1: Infects respiratory epithelium; notable for potential to cause severe pneumonia with higher hospitalization rates during 2009 pandemic compared to seasonal strains
    • SARS-CoV-2: Primarily affects respiratory system (lungs) via ACE2 receptors; can cause severe pneumonia, ARDS, and multi-organ dysfunction affecting cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and gastrointestinal systems
    • SARS-CoV-2 complications: Myocardial infarction, myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, acute kidney injury, neurological manifestations, and hypercoagulability can affect multiple organ systems
    • H3N2: Causes respiratory tract infection; historically associated with higher mortality in elderly patients and those with chronic medical conditions; can cause severe pneumonia
    • RSV A/B: Infects lower respiratory tract (bronchioles and alveoli); primary organ involvement is lungs with bronchiolitis being hallmark finding, particularly severe in infants and elderly
    • RSV complications: Can precipitate bronchospasm, wheezing, and reactive airway disease; may exacerbate asthma and COPD; rarely causes myocarditis and encephalitis
    • Overall respiratory system function: All viruses in this panel impair mucociliary clearance, increase mucus production, and cause inflammation of respiratory epithelium leading to cough, dyspnea, and hypoxemia
    • Systemic effects: All viral infections can trigger systemic inflammatory response causing fever, myalgias, malaise, and potentially leading to sepsis-like syndrome in severe cases
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Influenza A positive: Repeat RT-PCR testing not routinely needed; consider viral culture for antiviral resistance testing if clinically indicated or available
    • Influenza positive patients: Chest X-ray recommended if respiratory distress, hypoxemia, or pneumonia suspected to assess for secondary bacterial pneumonia or ARDS
    • Influenza positive severe cases: CBC with differential, comprehensive metabolic panel, troponin, and D-dimer to assess for complications and multi-organ involvement
    • Influenza A with complications: Blood cultures to rule out bacteremia if fever persists >48 hours after antiviral initiation; sputum culture if pneumonia suspected
    • H1N1 or H3N2 positive: Sequence analysis may be performed by public health laboratories for epidemiological tracking and vaccine strain matching
    • SARS-CoV-2 positive: Chest imaging (X-ray or CT) recommended if moderate-to-severe disease to assess for pneumonia; follow-up testing may be needed 5-7 days later if initial test questionable
    • SARS-CoV-2 positive severe: Complete metabolic panel, CBC, troponin, D-dimer, IL-6, ferritin, LDH to assess for severe inflammation and multi-organ involvement
    • SARS-CoV-2 positive immunocompromised: Serial RT-PCR testing may be indicated to monitor viral clearance due to prolonged shedding potential; genomic sequencing for variant identification
    • RSV positive pediatric patients: Pulse oximetry and clinical assessment for bronchiolitis severity; chest X-ray if hospitalization considered to assess for hyperinflation and infiltrates
    • RSV positive elderly or immunocompromised: Similar respiratory assessment; consider repeat testing if clinically worsening as RSV can cause severe pneumonia in these populations
    • All positive results: Monitoring for secondary bacterial infection; if fever persists or worsens >48-72 hours, blood cultures and comprehensive imaging warranted
    • Test-of-cure: Generally not recommended after antiviral completion as viral RNA may persist for days; clinical resolution is the standard metric
    • Differential diagnosis support: If negative or inconclusive, consider testing for adenovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and other respiratory pathogens depending on clinical scenario
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting requirement: NO - This test does not require fasting. The panel consists of molecular viral detection tests performed on respiratory specimens, not blood-based analyses
    • Specimen collection: Nasopharyngeal swab is standard specimen collection method; patient should not eat or drink 15-30 minutes before swab collection to avoid dilution of secretions
    • Alternative specimens: Oropharyngeal swab, lower respiratory tract specimens (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage), or saliva can be used depending on laboratory protocol and test availability
    • Medications: No medications need to be held or discontinued before testing; antivirals such as oseltamivir do not contraindicate testing though may reduce viral load if already initiated
    • Nasal decongestants: Should be avoided 2-3 hours before nasopharyngeal swab collection as they may reduce nasal secretions and decrease specimen quality
    • Topical nasal products: Avoid using nasal saline, spray, or oils within 1 hour of collection to prevent specimen dilution or contamination
    • Optimal timing: Test should be performed within 3-7 days of symptom onset for highest sensitivity; viral load decreases after 7-10 days making detection less reliable
    • Specimen storage: Swabs should be placed in viral transport medium and stored at 2-8°C if testing delayed; do not freeze unless instructed by laboratory
    • Special populations: Pregnant women and immunocompromised patients can be tested without special modifications; timing and specimen type remain consistent
    • Pediatric collection: For young children or intolerant patients, alternative specimens may be used; parents should inform healthcare provider if child recently used nasal decongestants or saline

How our test process works!

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