Allergen, Individual-Food Egg Yolk Anda

Allergy

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Allergy test for egg yolk proteins.

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Allergen Individual-Food Egg Yolk Anda Test Information Guide

Why is it done?
- Measures IgE antibodies specific to egg yolk proteins to identify allergic sensitization
- Diagnoses or confirms egg yolk allergy when clinical symptoms are suspected
- Differentiates between egg white and egg yolk allergies for targeted dietary management
- Indicated when patients experience symptoms after egg consumption (anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal distress, respiratory symptoms)
- Performed when skin testing is inconclusive, contraindicated, or unavailable
- Used to assess risk before vaccinations containing egg-derived components (influenza, yellow fever vaccines)
- Ordered during initial allergy evaluation or when symptoms develop after egg exposure
Normal Range
- Result Units: kU/L (kilounits per liter) or IU/mL
- Normal/Negative Result: < 0.35 kU/L indicates no significant IgE antibodies to egg yolk; allergy unlikely
- Equivocal/Low Positive: 0.35-0.70 kU/L suggests possible sensitization; clinical correlation recommended
- Positive Result: > 0.70 kU/L indicates IgE-mediated allergy to egg yolk; may correlate with reaction severity
- Classification Ranges: Class 0 (< 0.35), Class 1 (0.35-0.70), Class 2 (0.70-3.5), Class 3 (3.5-17.5), Class 4 (17.5-50), Class 5 (50-100), Class 6 (> 100)
- Interpretation Context: Higher values suggest greater likelihood of clinical reactions; must correlate with patient history and symptoms
Interpretation
- Negative Result (< 0.35 kU/L): No detectable IgE sensitization to egg yolk; egg yolk allergy is unlikely; patient may tolerate egg yolk-containing products safely; consider other causes of symptoms if reactions occur after egg consumption
- Low Positive (0.35-0.70 kU/L): Low-level sensitization detected; clinical symptoms may be mild or inconsistent; tolerance may develop with continued exposure; requires correlation with clinical history and symptoms
- Moderate-High Positive (0.70-17.5 kU/L): Significant IgE sensitization to egg yolk; clinically relevant allergy; moderate to high risk of allergic reactions upon exposure; strict avoidance often recommended
- Very High Positive (> 17.5 kU/L): Severe sensitization; high likelihood of immediate hypersensitivity reactions; possible anaphylaxis risk; strict dietary avoidance essential; epinephrine auto-injector may be warranted
- Factors Affecting Results: Medication use (antihistamines, immunosuppressants), skin conditions, timing of test relative to exposure, natural tolerance development over time, cross-reactivity with other allergens, laboratory technique variations
- Clinical Significance: Determines if egg yolk allergy is IgE-mediated (immediate hypersensitivity); guides dietary counseling and avoidance strategies; assesses need for emergency medications; supports decisions regarding vaccine safety; helps differentiate from non-IgE mediated egg sensitivities
- Positive Result Implications: Confirms IgE-mediated allergy; patient should avoid egg yolk and egg yolk-containing products; may require avoidance of certain vaccines; carries risk of anaphylaxis; requires patient education on label reading and cross-contamination
Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems Involved: Immune system (produces IgE antibodies), gastrointestinal tract, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system
- Gastrointestinal Manifestations: Oral allergy syndrome, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, swelling of lips/tongue/throat
- Dermatologic Manifestations: Urticaria (hives), pruritus (itching), angioedema (facial/throat swelling), eczema exacerbation, flushing
- Respiratory Manifestations: Nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, cough, bronchospasm, wheezing, shortness of breath, laryngeal edema
- Cardiovascular Manifestations: Hypotension, tachycardia, syncope, anaphylaxis (life-threatening emergency)
- Associated Conditions: IgE-mediated egg allergy, atopic syndrome, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) if non-IgE component present
- Potential Complications: Anaphylaxis, angioedema with airway compromise, severe dehydration from gastrointestinal symptoms, secondary skin infections from scratching, nutritional deficiencies if egg avoidance is too restrictive
- Immune System Role: IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils; upon egg yolk protein exposure, cross-linking occurs causing immediate degranulation and mediator release (histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes)
Follow-up Tests
- Allergen Individual-Food Egg White (Ova m1): To differentiate between egg white and egg yolk allergy; clarifies which component(s) cause reactions
- Skin Prick Testing (SPT) to Egg Yolk: Confirms IgE sensitization; can be performed if immunoassay results are equivocal; provides clinical correlation
- Oral Food Challenge (OFC): Gold standard for confirming allergy; performed in controlled medical setting; conducted when diagnosis is uncertain; helps differentiate true allergy from intolerance
- Total IgE Level: Determines overall atopic status; helps assess if patient has generalized allergic tendency; contextualizes specific egg yolk IgE result
- Additional Allergen Panels: Testing for other common food allergens (milk, peanut, tree nuts, shellfish, wheat) to identify multiple allergies; comprehensive allergen profile if poly-allergic
- Specific IgG Testing (if non-IgE allergy suspected): May help identify delayed hypersensitivity or non-IgE mediated reactions; usefulness debated in clinical practice
- Tryptase Level: Measured during acute allergic reaction; helps confirm mast cell degranulation; relevant after anaphylaxis episode
- Repeat Testing Timeline: Consider repeat testing every 1-2 years if initially positive to assess for natural tolerance development; particularly relevant in pediatric patients; discontinue avoidance only after confirmed oral challenge if tolerance suspected
- Allergen Component Testing: Specific epitope testing (e.g., Gal d 1, Gal d 2, Gal d 3) for refined risk stratification; helps predict tolerance development and severity of reactions
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: No
- Fasting Duration: Not applicable; patient may eat and drink normally before test
- Medication Instructions: Continue all regular medications unless specifically instructed otherwise; antihistamines may reduce test sensitivity if skin testing planned concurrently—discontinue 3-5 days before skin testing if needed; corticosteroids do not interfere with immunoassay but may suppress skin test reactivity
- Patient Preparation Requirements: Wear loose, comfortable clothing for blood draw; inform phlebotomist of any bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use; remain seated 15 minutes before venipuncture if faint-prone; bring photo identification and insurance card
- Specimen Collection: Serum collection (blood draw); approximately 3-5 mL required; no special tube requirements; sample stable at room temperature for transport
- Allergen Avoidance Before Test: Not necessary; test can be performed with or without recent allergen exposure; does not affect immunoassay results
- Specimen Stability: Serum samples remain stable for 7 days at room temperature or indefinitely if frozen; specimens should reach laboratory within 24-48 hours of collection for optimal results
- Special Considerations: Avoid scheduling test during acute allergic reaction; presence of active urticaria or ongoing reaction may increase baseline cytokine levels; ideally perform test 2-4 weeks after acute reaction resolves for more accurate baseline IgE measurement

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