ANTI CCP (ACCP)
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Diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) early and with high specificity
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🧪 Anti-CCP (ACCP) Test
Full Name: Anti–Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies
Also Known As:
- Anti-CCP
- ACCP
- CCP Antibody
- Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody Test
📌 Purpose of the Test
The Anti-CCP test is used primarily to:
- Diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) early and with high specificity.
- Predict severity and progression of RA.
- Differentiate RA from other types of arthritis.
🔍 What Is CCP?
Citrullinated peptides are proteins that have undergone a transformation (citrullination) in the body.
In autoimmune diseases like RA, the immune system mistakenly targets these proteins.
Anti-CCP antibodies are autoantibodies that attack these citrullinated proteins.
🧠 Organs / Systems Involved
Organ/System | Role in Disease |
|---|---|
Joints | Primary site of inflammation and damage |
Immune system | Produces anti-CCP antibodies |
⚕️ Associated Conditions
Condition | Relevance |
|---|---|
✅ Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | Highly specific (~95%) for RA |
🔸 Other autoimmune disorders | Rarely mildly elevated in SLE, Sjogren’s, Psoriatic Arthritis |
🔹 Healthy individuals | Usually negative, even in joint pain without RA |
📊 Test Interpretation
Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Negative | Low likelihood of RA (but does not rule it out) |
Low Positive | May indicate early RA or another condition (interpret with clinical signs) |
High Positive | Strong indication of RA, especially with symptoms |
High titers of anti-CCP predict more aggressive disease and joint damage in RA.
🧪 Recommended Tests to Be Done Alongside
Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) | Common test for RA; less specific than anti-CCP |
ESR / CRP | Measure inflammation levels |
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) | Rule out lupus or mixed connective tissue disease |
Joint X-rays or MRI | Assess damage/inflammation |
CBC (Complete Blood Count) | Check for anemia, leukocytosis seen in active RA |
📌 Anti-CCP vs Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Feature | Anti-CCP | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) |
|---|---|---|
Specificity for RA | ~95% (very high) | ~70% (moderate) |
Early detection | Often positive before symptoms appear | May be absent in early disease |
False positives | Rare | Common in infections, other diseases |
Predicts severity | Yes | Less reliable |
🔄 Clinical Use Cases
- A patient with joint pain, morning stiffness, and swelling may undergo anti-CCP to confirm RA.
- A positive anti-CCP before symptoms appear can help start early treatment to prevent joint damage.
✅ Summary Table
Test Name | Anti-CCP (ACCP) |
|---|---|
Used For | Diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis |
High Specificity For | RA (~95%) |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Paired With | RF, ESR, CRP, ANA, Joint Imaging |
Indicates | Autoimmune joint damage, especially in RA |
How our test process works!
