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Anti Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody Igm

Bacterial/ Viral
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Report in 96Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

The Anti-Chlamydia IgM antibody test detects immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies produced by the body in early response to a Chlamydia infection

₹999₹1,600

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Anti Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody IgM - Comprehensive Medical Test Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Test Measures: Detects IgM antibodies produced in response to acute or recent Chlamydia trachomatis infection, indicating active or newly acquired infection
    • Diagnosis of Acute Infection: Used to confirm active Chlamydia trachomatis infection, particularly when nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are positive or when symptomatic infection is suspected
    • Symptomatic Evaluation: Ordered when patients present with urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), conjunctivitis, or proctitis consistent with chlamydial infection
    • Neonatal and Infant Infection: Performed to diagnose chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis) or pneumonia in newborns infected during delivery
    • Distinguishing Recent from Past Infection: Helps differentiate acute infection (positive IgM) from chronic or past infection (positive IgG only)
    • Timing: Typically performed within 1-2 weeks of symptom onset when IgM antibodies are at peak levels; may be less sensitive after 3-4 weeks when IgG becomes predominant
  • Normal Range
    • Negative Result: <0.90 Index (or <1.0 depending on lab; typically reported as 'Negative' or 'Not Detected')
    • Positive Result: ≥1.1 Index (or ≥1.0 depending on lab; typically reported as 'Positive' or 'Detected')
    • Borderline/Equivocal: 0.90-1.0 Index (Interpretation may vary; repeat testing recommended in 1-2 weeks)
    • Units: Index value or Optical Density (OD); Some labs report as IU/mL (International Units per milliliter)
    • Interpretation: Negative = No IgM antibodies detected (no acute infection); Positive = IgM antibodies present (acute or recent infection)
    • Clinical Correlation: Results must be interpreted with clinical symptoms, patient history, and other test results (PCR/NAAT, IgG antibodies)
  • Interpretation
    • Positive IgM Antibodies (≥1.1 Index): Suggests acute or recent Chlamydia trachomatis infection within the past 1-3 weeks; Most specific indicator of active/current infection; Warrants immediate antibiotic treatment (azithromycin, doxycycline, or alternatives); Partner notification and testing required
    • Negative IgM Antibodies (<0.90 Index): Indicates no acute infection detected; Does not exclude chronic infection (may have only IgG); If clinical symptoms persist, consider PCR/NAAT as more sensitive; Negative result more reliable >3-4 weeks after symptom onset
    • Positive IgM + Positive IgG: Indicates acute infection superimposed on past/chronic infection; May indicate reinfection or persistent infection
    • Negative IgM + Positive IgG: Indicates past or chronic infection; Not acute phase; IgG can persist for months to years
    • Factors Affecting Results: Timing from symptom onset (IgM peaks 1-2 weeks, declines after 3-4 weeks); Immunocompromised states may show delayed or weak response; Concurrent infections; Autoimmune diseases; Cross-reactivity with other chlamydial species (less likely with specific assays)
    • Sensitivity and Specificity: Sensitivity: 60-90% (varies by assay type and timing); Lower sensitivity early (<5 days) and late (>4 weeks) in infection; Specificity: 95-99% when properly calibrated; PCR/NAAT remain gold standard and more sensitive overall
    • Clinical Significance: Particularly useful in neonatal infections where PCR may be less readily available; Helpful in diagnosing systemic chlamydial infections; Limited utility as sole diagnostic tool; Best used in combination with nucleic acid testing and clinical presentation
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ Systems: Genitourinary tract (primary); Reproductive organs (secondary); Respiratory system (neonatal pneumonia); Eyes (conjunctiva, especially in neonates)
    • Conditions Associated with Abnormal Results: Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in males; Cervicitis in females; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID); Acute salpingitis; Epididymitis; Prostatitis; Urinary tract infections (UTIs); Dysuria and urethral discharge
    • Diseases Diagnosed or Monitored: Chlamydia trachomatis acute infection; Chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis in newborns); Neonatal chlamydial pneumonia; Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) caused by L serovars; Reactive arthritis (previously Reiter syndrome); Adult inclusion conjunctivitis; Proctitis/rectal infection
    • Potential Complications of Untreated/Abnormal Results: Female: Tubal scarring, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic adhesions; Male: Epididymitis, urethral strictures, infertility; Pregnancy: Vertical transmission to neonate, neonatal conjunctivitis, neonatal pneumonia; General: Systemic spread, reactive arthritis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (perihepatitis in females)
    • Risk Groups: Sexually active individuals with multiple partners; Young adults (15-24 years highest prevalence); Pregnant women; Neonates born to infected mothers; Immunocompromised individuals; Men who have sex with men (MSM); Individuals with other sexually transmitted infections
  • Follow-up Tests
    • If Positive IgM Result: Chlamydia trachomatis NAAT (PCR/TMA) - Confirm diagnosis and identify organism; Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis IgG - Determine if concurrent chronic infection; Nucleic acid testing on partner - Contact tracing and partner treatment
    • If Negative IgM but Symptomatic: Chlamydia trachomatis NAAT - Gold standard test (more sensitive); Repeat IgM in 1-2 weeks if high clinical suspicion; Other STI testing (gonorrhea, syphilis, HSV, HPV) - Differential diagnosis; Urinalysis/urine culture - Rule out other UTI causes
    • Additional Tests for Diagnosis Confirmation: Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) - PCR, TMA, or SDA (most sensitive/specific); Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) - Can detect organism antigen; Cell culture - Reference standard but rarely used clinically; Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antigen - Alternative to antibody detection
    • Tests to Rule Out Complications: Pelvic ultrasound - If PID suspected (tubo-ovarian abscess); Pelvic examination findings; Pregnancy test - If female of reproductive age; Liver function tests - If systemic involvement (rare); Inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) - If severe infection
    • Tests for Neonatal Infection: Conjunctival swab culture or NAAT - Diagnose ophthalmia neonatorum; Nasopharyngeal aspirate or swab for NAAT - Diagnose pneumonia; Chest X-ray - If respiratory symptoms present; Neonatal serology (IgG) - May be positive from maternal transfer
    • Monitoring After Treatment: Test of cure NAAT - 3+ weeks after treatment completion (not recommended for PCR, but may be done); Patient follow-up - Assess symptom resolution in 1-2 weeks; Partner notification and testing - Essential; IgM titers may persist for weeks; IgG develops over time (indicates past infection)
    • Related Complementary Tests: Anti-Chlamydia IgG antibody; Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing (co-infection common); Treponema pallidum (syphilis) serology; Hepatitis B and C serology; HIV testing; HSV serology; HPV testing (as indicated)
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: No Fasting is NOT required for Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody IgM testing; Test involves serum blood draw and is not affected by food or fluid intake
    • Sample Collection Requirements: Blood sample - Standard venipuncture, typically 5 mL serum in serum separator tube (SST); No special preparation needed; Can be collected at any time of day; Patient does not need to be in fasting state
    • Patient Preparation Instructions: No dietary restrictions; Continue normal diet and hydration; No need to stop medications (antibiotic treatment can be started if indicated); Avoid heavy exercise immediately before draw if possible; Wear comfortable clothing with accessible arms; Inform phlebotomist of any bleeding disorders
    • Medications - No Specific Restrictions: Continue all regular medications as prescribed; Antibiotics do NOT interfere with antibody testing (antibodies already produced); Anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs) should be noted by phlebotomist; Aspirin or NSAIDs - No specific restriction (may increase bleeding risk if on anticoagulants); No fasting required, therefore no medication timing adjustments needed
    • Specimen Handling and Timing: Specimen should be refrigerated if not processed immediately; Results typically available within 24-48 hours; Allow blood to clot before centrifugation if serum used; Avoid hemolysis (improper technique can destroy cells); Document time of collection for reference
    • Optimal Timing for Test: Best performed 1-2 weeks after symptom onset when IgM levels peak; Can be done at any time, but sensitivity lower before 5 days and after 3-4 weeks; Multiple collections may be needed if testing during early or late phases of infection; Coordinate with NAAT testing for best diagnostic accuracy

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