Anti Ds-DNA
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The anti-dsDNA antibody test measures autoantibodies that target the body’s own double-stranded DNA., It is highly specific for: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Often used for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of SLE. These antibodies can trigger inflammation and damage in kidneys, skin, joints, brain, and blood vessels
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🧪 Anti-dsDNA (Anti–Double-Stranded DNA Antibody) Test
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Full Name | Anti–Double-Stranded DNA Antibody |
Also Known As | Anti-dsDNA, dsDNA Antibodies |
Sample Type | Blood (Serum) |
Fasting Required? | ❌ No |
Method | ELISA, CLIFT (Crithidia luciliae Immunofluorescence), or Farr assay |
🔬 What Is It?
The anti-dsDNA antibody test measures autoantibodies that target the body’s own double-stranded DNA.
It is highly specific for:
- ✅ Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Often used for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of SLE
These antibodies can trigger inflammation and damage in kidneys, skin, joints, brain, and blood vessels.
🧠 Organs Involved
Organ/System | Potential Involvement in SLE |
|---|---|
Kidneys | Lupus nephritis |
Skin | Malar rash, photosensitivity |
Joints | Inflammatory arthritis |
Brain/Nervous system | Seizures, psychosis |
Blood vessels | Vasculitis |
🎯 Why Is This Test Ordered?
Clinical Purpose | Use |
|---|---|
✅ Confirm SLE diagnosis | Especially if ANA is positive |
📉 Monitor disease activity | High titers may indicate lupus flare |
🔍 Assess lupus nephritis risk | Anti-dsDNA strongly associated with kidney damage |
🔄 Differentiate from other autoimmune diseases | Used with other antibody panels |
📊 Test Interpretation
Result | Meaning |
|---|---|
Positive (High titer) | Suggests active SLE, especially if symptoms match |
Positive (Low titer) | May indicate latent or mild SLE or other autoimmune issues |
Negative | Makes active SLE less likely, but doesn’t fully rule it out |
Note: Anti-dsDNA is not found in healthy people and is rarely positive in other diseases—high specificity for SLE (~97–100%).
🧪 Recommended Tests Alongside Anti-dsDNA
Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) | Screening test for autoimmune disease |
Complement C3 & C4 | Decreased in active lupus due to immune complex activity |
CRP / ESR | Markers of systemic inflammation |
Urinalysis & Urine Protein | Detect lupus nephritis (proteinuria, hematuria) |
Liver and Kidney Profiles | Assess organ damage |
CBC | May show anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia |
🧬 Anti-dsDNA vs ANA
Feature | ANA | Anti-dsDNA |
|---|---|---|
Sensitivity for SLE | Very high (~95–99%) | Moderate (~60–70%) |
Specificity for SLE | Low (positive in many autoimmune diseases) | Very high (~97–100%) |
Use | Initial screening | Confirmatory and activity monitoring |
✅ Summary Table
Test Name | Anti-dsDNA Antibody |
|---|---|
Used For | Diagnosing and monitoring Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
Positive Indicates | High specificity for active or severe SLE |
Organ Systems Affected | Kidneys, joints, brain, blood vessels |
Commonly Paired Tests | ANA, C3/C4, ESR/CRP, Urine protein, CBC |
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