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Anti Hepatitis A Virus (ANTI HAV) - IgG

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Details

The Anti-HAV IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

₹399₹880

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Anti Hepatitis A Virus (ANTI HAV) - IgG Test Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Test Purpose: Detects IgG antibodies against Hepatitis A Virus to determine immunity or past infection status
    • Assessment of Immunity: Verifies protection against Hepatitis A infection following vaccination or natural infection
    • Vaccination Response: Confirms adequate antibody development 4-6 weeks after Hepatitis A vaccination
    • Pre-travel Assessment: Evaluates immunity in individuals planning travel to hepatitis A endemic regions
    • Occupational Health: Screens healthcare workers, food handlers, and sewage workers for immunity
    • Post-Infection Confirmation: Confirms past Hepatitis A infection or recovery from acute disease
    • Immunocompromised Individuals: Assesses immunity status in HIV-positive patients, transplant recipients, and other immunosuppressed individuals
    • Timing: Can be performed at any time; IgG antibodies persist for life after infection or vaccination
  • Normal Range
    • Negative Result: < 0.90 mIU/mL or < 1:32 (by hemagglutination inhibition) Indicates no immunity to hepatitis A virus; either never infected or not vaccinated
    • Positive Result: >= 1.0 mIU/mL or >= 1:32 (by hemagglutination inhibition) Indicates immunity to hepatitis A; either from past infection or successful vaccination
    • Equivocal/Borderline: 0.90 - 1.0 mIU/mL Results in gray zone; repeat testing may be recommended for confirmation
    • Units of Measurement: mIU/mL (milli International Units per milliliter) or reciprocal titer
    • Reference Ranges May Vary: Different laboratories may use different cutoff values; always consult your lab's specific reference range
    • Interpretation: Normal = Positive result indicating immunity; Abnormal = Negative result indicating susceptibility
  • Interpretation
    • Positive Anti-HAV IgG: Patient has immunity to hepatitis A virus from either: • Previous hepatitis A infection (antibodies develop 3-4 weeks after acute infection and persist for life) • Successful hepatitis A vaccination • Indicates patient cannot contract hepatitis A in the future • Does NOT indicate acute infection (IgG appears after IgM has resolved)
    • Negative Anti-HAV IgG: Patient lacks immunity to hepatitis A and is: • Susceptible to hepatitis A infection • Has never been infected with hepatitis A virus • Has not been vaccinated against hepatitis A • May indicate early acute infection (before IgG develops) • Vaccination is recommended for at-risk individuals
    • Clinical Significance Patterns: Anti-HAV IgG Positive + Anti-HAV IgM Negative = Immunity from past infection or vaccination (non-acute) Anti-HAV IgG Negative + Anti-HAV IgM Negative = No immunity; susceptible to infection Anti-HAV IgG Positive + Anti-HAV IgM Positive = Possible acute or recent hepatitis A infection
    • Factors Affecting Results: Severe immunosuppression may result in false-negative results despite immunity Recent vaccination (within 4-6 weeks) may not yet show detectable IgG Very early acute infection may show negative result before IgG develops Laboratory methodology variations between different assays
    • Duration of Immunity: IgG antibodies typically persist for life after natural infection Post-vaccination immunity lasts at least 20-30 years, likely longer Booster vaccination may be needed in certain high-risk, immunocompromised populations
    • Special Populations: Low IgG levels or borderline results in immunocompromised patients may require repeat testing or revaccination
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Hepatic system (liver) - Hepatitis A virus directly infects and damages hepatocytes
    • Immune System: Test measures IgG antibodies produced by B lymphocytes in response to HAV infection or vaccination
    • Gastrointestinal System: HAV primarily transmitted via fecal-oral route; initial replication occurs in GI tract and liver
    • Common Diseases Associated with Hepatitis A Infection: Acute hepatitis A Fulminant hepatic failure (rare, typically in elderly or chronically ill) Cholestasis Hepatitis with jaundice Relapsing hepatitis A (rare)
    • Potential Complications of Acute Hepatitis A: Acute liver failure with encephalopathy Severe dehydration from persistent vomiting and diarrhea Secondary bacterial infections Pancreatitis Autoimmune hepatitis manifestations Arthralgias and rash (especially in adults)
    • Risk Factors for Severe Disease: Age > 40 years Pre-existing chronic liver disease Immunosuppression Hepatitis B or C co-infection
  • Follow-up Tests
    • If Anti-HAV IgG is Negative (No Immunity): Hepatitis A vaccination (2-dose series) recommended for: • Healthcare workers • Food handlers • Travelers to endemic areas • Men who have sex with men • Injection drug users • Persons with chronic liver disease • Immunocompromised individuals (if vaccine safe) Repeat anti-HAV IgG testing 4-6 weeks post-vaccination to confirm seroconversion
    • If Anti-HAV IgG is Positive (Has Immunity): No further testing typically needed Patient can be assured of lifelong immunity
    • If Borderline or Equivocal Result: Repeat testing after 1-2 weeks for confirmation Alternative laboratory methodology may be used for confirmation
    • Complementary Serologic Tests: Anti-HAV IgM - Detects acute/recent hepatitis A infection; negative in immune individuals HAV RNA (RT-PCR) - Detects active viral replication; ordered only if acute infection suspected
    • Liver Function Tests (If Acute Hepatitis Suspected): AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) - Often markedly elevated in acute hepatitis A Total and direct bilirubin Alkaline phosphatase Albumin and prothrombin time/INR
    • Other Hepatitis Serology (If Differentiation Needed): Anti-HBV (Hepatitis B antibody) Anti-HCV (Hepatitis C antibody) Anti-HEV (Hepatitis E antibody) - Particularly in immunocompromised patients
    • For Healthcare Workers (Annual Monitoring): Annual or periodic anti-HAV IgG testing may be required by employer occupational health programs Booster vaccination considered if immunity wanes
    • Immunocompromised Patients: CD4 count assessment (if HIV-positive) Repeat anti-HAV IgG 3-6 months post-vaccination to verify response Periodic retesting may be needed due to waning immunity in severely immunocompromised
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: NO - Fasting is not required for this test
    • Food and Drink: Patient may eat and drink normally before test collection No dietary restrictions apply
    • Medications: Continue all regular medications as prescribed No medications need to be discontinued for this test Immunosuppressive medications do not affect test validity
    • Specimen Collection: Blood sample (serum) obtained via venipuncture Usually requires 5-10 mL of blood Can be performed at any time of day
    • General Preparation: Wear comfortable clothing to allow easy arm access for venipuncture Inform phlebotomist of any bleeding disorders or medications affecting bleeding Stay hydrated - drink water before test as it may make venipuncture easier Relax during blood draw to prevent vasovagal syncope
    • Post-Collection: Minimal bruising at venipuncture site is normal Apply pressure to site for 2-3 minutes Resume normal activities immediately after collection

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