Anti-Hepatitis B Surface antibodies (Anti-HBs titre)
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Anti-HBs antibodies are protective antibodies produced by the immune system in response to: Hepatitis B vaccination or Recovery from a past Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
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🧪 Anti-Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs Titre) Test
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Full Name | Anti-Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs) |
Sample Type | Blood (Serum) |
Fasting Required | ❌ Not required |
Test Method | ELISA / CLIA (Immunoassay) |
Turnaround Time | 1–2 days |
🔬 What Is Anti-HBs?
Anti-HBs antibodies are protective antibodies produced by the immune system in response to:
- Hepatitis B vaccination or
- Recovery from a past Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
This test measures the titre (concentration) of these antibodies in the blood.
🧠 Organs Involved
Organ | Relevance |
|---|---|
Liver | Target of Hepatitis B infection |
Immune System | Produces antibodies in response to exposure or vaccine |
🎯 Why Is This Test Done?
Purpose | When It's Used |
|---|---|
✅ Check immunity post-Hepatitis B vaccination | 1–2 months after vaccine series completion |
👨⚕️ Diagnose recovery from prior HBV infection | Helps distinguish between past and ongoing infection |
🧪 Assess need for re-vaccination | Especially in healthcare workers or immunocompromised |
👶 Evaluate vertical transmission risk | In babies born to Hep B-positive mothers |
💉 Test donors/recipients in blood transfusions | As part of pre-donation infectious panel |
📊 Interpretation of Anti-HBs Titre (IU/L)
Anti-HBs Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|
<10 IU/L | Not immune → no protection; vaccination recommended |
10–100 IU/L | Low protective immunity; may need booster depending on risk |
>100 IU/L | Strong immunity; considered protected against Hepatitis B virus |
💡 A level of ≥10 IU/L is generally considered protective immunity by WHO and CDC.
🧬 Related Conditions
Condition | Anti-HBs Role |
|---|---|
After HBV vaccination | Should be positive (≥10 IU/L) |
Resolved past HBV infection | Positive Anti-HBs + Positive Anti-HBc IgG |
Chronic Hepatitis B | Typically Anti-HBs negative, HBsAg positive |
Never exposed or vaccinated | Negative Anti-HBs and Anti-HBc |
🔁 Recommended Additional Tests
Test | Why It's Important |
|---|---|
HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) | Detects active infection |
Anti-HBc (Core Antibody IgG & IgM) | Indicates prior or ongoing infection |
HBeAg / Anti-HBe | Assesses infectivity in chronic carriers |
HBV DNA (PCR) | Measures viral load in confirmed infections |
📌 Summary Table
Test | Anti-Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs) |
|---|---|
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Detects | Immunity to Hepatitis B (from vaccine or past infection) |
Protective Level | ≥10 IU/L |
Follow-Up Needed If Low | May require booster vaccination |
Paired With | HBsAg, Anti-HBc, HBV DNA in clinical workup |
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