Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
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Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a hormone secreted by granulosa cells of ovarian follicles. It reflects the ovarian reserve, or the remaining egg supply in a woman’s ovaries
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🧪 Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Test
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Full Name | Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) |
Sample Type | Blood (Serum) |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Best Time to Test | Any day of the menstrual cycle (preferably day 2–5 for consistency) |
Method | CLIA (Chemiluminescence Immunoassay) or ELISA |
🔬 What Is AMH?
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a hormone secreted by granulosa cells of ovarian follicles. It reflects the ovarian reserve, or the remaining egg supply in a woman’s ovaries.
In men, AMH is produced by Sertoli cells of the testes but is not typically used in routine testing.
🧠 Organs Involved
Organ | Role |
|---|---|
Ovaries | Source of AMH; indicates the number of small developing follicles (eggs) |
Pituitary/Ovarian Axis | AMH works alongside FSH, LH, and estrogen in reproductive regulation |
🎯 Why Is This Test Done?
Clinical Use | Purpose |
|---|---|
✅ Assess ovarian reserve | Helps determine how many viable eggs remain |
👩⚕️ Evaluate fertility potential | Useful in women planning pregnancy or IVF |
💉 Guide ovarian stimulation in IVF | Predicts response to fertility drugs |
❌ Diagnose Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) | AMH is often elevated in PCOS women |
📉 Monitor early menopause or ovarian aging | Lower AMH may signal reduced fertility potential |
🧬 In pediatric endocrinology | Used to assess gonadal function, ambiguous genitalia, or intersex conditions |
📊 Interpretation Guide (Women)
AMH Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|
> 4.0 ng/mL | High ovarian reserve (may indicate PCOS) |
1.0 – 3.5 ng/mL | Normal ovarian reserve |
0.5 – 1.0 ng/mL | Low-normal; reduced egg supply |
< 0.5 ng/mL | Severely diminished ovarian reserve |
📌 Interpretation may vary slightly based on lab reference range, age, and context.
👩🔬 In Men & Children (Less Common Use)
- Low AMH in boys: May indicate testicular dysfunction or gonadal dysgenesis
- Elevated AMH: Seen in persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS)
🧪 Recommended Additional Tests (Fertility/PCOS Context)
Test | Why |
|---|---|
FSH, LH, Estradiol | Evaluate overall ovarian/pituitary axis |
Antral Follicle Count (AFC) | Via ultrasound; cross-verifies ovarian reserve |
TSH, Prolactin | Rule out thyroid/pituitary involvement |
Testosterone, DHEAS | Rule out androgen excess (e.g., in PCOS) |
Insulin Resistance Markers | Often altered in PCOS |
📌 Key Notes
- AMH does NOT vary during the menstrual cycle → test can be done any day.
- AMH does not predict egg quality, only quantity.
- It is a better marker than FSH for early detection of declining fertility.
- Lifestyle factors, chemo/radiation, and aging reduce AMH levels over time.
✅ Summary Table
Test | Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) |
|---|---|
Primary Use | Assess ovarian reserve / fertility potential |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Best Tested In | Reproductive-age women; fertility evaluation |
Positive Finding (High) | May suggest PCOS or good ovarian reserve |
Negative Finding (Low) | Suggests diminished ovarian reserve or menopause |
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