Anti Phospholipid Antibody (APL) - IgG
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These antibodies can increase the risk of blood clots, miscarriages, and autoimmune diseases, especially Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
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🧪 Anti-Phospholipid Antibody (aPL) – IgG Test
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Full Name | Anti-Phospholipid Antibody (IgG subtype) |
Sample Type | Blood (Serum) |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Test Method | ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) |
Turnaround Time | 1–3 days |
🔬 What Are Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies?
Anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) are autoantibodies that mistakenly target phospholipids—a key component of cell membranes—and phospholipid-binding proteins like β2-glycoprotein I.
These antibodies can increase the risk of blood clots, miscarriages, and autoimmune diseases, especially Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS).
🧠 Organs/System Involved
System/Organ | Potential Impact |
|---|---|
Blood vessels | Formation of blood clots (thrombosis) |
Brain | Stroke, migraines, seizures due to cerebral ischemia |
Uterus/Placenta | Recurrent miscarriages, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia |
Kidneys | Renal thrombosis or hypertension |
Heart | Increased risk of cardiac events (e.g., myocardial infarction) |
🎯 Why Is This Test Done?
Purpose | Clinical Application |
|---|---|
✅ Diagnose Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) | Primary or secondary to lupus |
👩🍼 Investigate recurrent miscarriages | Especially after 2 or more unexplained losses |
🩸 Evaluate unexplained thrombosis | Especially in young individuals with no risk factors |
🧬 Support diagnosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | Where secondary APS is suspected |
💉 Monitor antibody levels over time | In patients with known APS or autoimmune conditions |
📊 Interpretation
Result | Implication |
|---|---|
Negative | No significant anti-phospholipid IgG antibodies detected |
Low Positive | May occur transiently; requires repeat testing |
Moderate/High Positive | Suggests autoimmune activity; consistent with APS if confirmed twice |
For APS diagnosis, aPL antibodies (IgG or IgM) must be persistently positive on two occasions, at least 12 weeks apart, and correlated with clinical symptoms.
🔁 Other Tests Recommended in Conjunction
Test | Why |
|---|---|
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies (IgG/IgM) | Part of the APS criteria |
β2-Glycoprotein I Antibodies | Most specific marker for APS |
Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) | Another key aPL antibody involved in thrombosis |
ANA Panel | If autoimmune diseases like lupus are suspected |
PT/INR, aPTT | Coagulation profile, esp. in patients with clotting issues |
D-dimer / Fibrinogen | If clot is suspected |
Obstetric Ultrasound | In pregnancy, to monitor fetal growth and placental health |
👩⚕️ Who Should Be Tested?
- Women with recurrent pregnancy loss
- Individuals with unexplained deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or stroke
- Patients with autoimmune disorders (e.g., SLE)
- Those with a family history of clotting disorders
📌 Summary Table
Test | Anti-Phospholipid Antibody (IgG) |
|---|---|
Sample Type | Serum |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Used To Diagnose | Antiphospholipid Syndrome, SLE-related clotting disorders |
Associated Organs | Blood vessels, placenta, kidneys, brain |
Follow-Up Tests | Cardiolipin Ab, β2GPI Ab, Lupus anticoagulant, ANA panel |
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