Anti-TPO
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Thyroid peroxidase antibody test helps diagnose autoimmune thyroiditis like Hashimoto’s disease.
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Anti-TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody) Test
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-TPO) |
| Sample Type | Blood (Serum) |
| Fasting Required | ❌ No |
| Test Method | ELISA or CLIA (Chemiluminescent Immunoassay) |
| Turnaround Time | 1–2 days |
What Is Anti-TPO?
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme essential for the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). The anti-TPO antibody is an autoantibody produced by the immune system that targets and attacks TPO.
Elevated anti-TPO levels indicate autoimmune thyroid disorders, where the immune system wrongly attacks the thyroid gland.
Organ Involved
Thyroid gland Autoantibodies interfere with hormone production, leading to inflammation and thyroid dysfunction (hypo- or hyperthyroidism).
Why Is the Anti-TPO Test Done?
| Purpose | Clinical Use |
|---|---|
| Diagnose autoimmune thyroid disease | Especially Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease |
| Evaluate cause of hypothyroidism or goiter | If TSH is high or thyroid appears enlarged |
| Investigate pregnancy-related thyroid issues | To assess risk of postpartum thyroiditis or miscarriage |
| Monitor progression or recurrence | In patients with known autoimmune thyroiditis |
| Support thyroid cancer risk screening | High anti-TPO is associated with higher risk |
Interpretation
| Anti-TPO Level | Possible Interpretation |
|---|---|
| <35 IU/mL (Normal) | No autoimmune thyroid disease |
| 35–100 IU/mL | Borderline / Mild elevation – monitor thyroid function |
| >100 IU/mL | Strongly suggestive of autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s) |
| >1000 IU/mL | Seen in severe autoimmune cases – often with hypothyroidism |
Note: Reference ranges may vary by lab.
Associated Conditions
| Condition | Relation to Anti-TPO |
|---|---|
| Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis | Most common; almost all patients have elevated anti-TPO |
| Graves’ Disease | May show elevated levels (less common than Hashimoto’s) |
| Postpartum Thyroiditis | Occurs in some women within 1 year after delivery |
| Silent Thyroiditis | Temporary, painless inflammation; anti-TPO often positive |
| Subclinical Hypothyroidism | Anti-TPO may predict future overt hypothyroidism |
Recommended Additional Tests
| Test | Why It’s Useful |
|---|---|
| TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | Best first-line test to assess thyroid function |
| Free T3 and Free T4 | Measures circulating thyroid hormones |
| Anti-Thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) | May be elevated in autoimmune thyroiditis |
| Thyroid Ultrasound | Assesses goiter, nodules, and inflammation |
| Thyroid Scan (if indicated) | To evaluate overactive nodules or Graves' disease |
Who Should Get This Test?
Individuals with symptoms of hypothyroidism (fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance)
Patients with goiter or thyroid nodules
Pregnant women with a family history of thyroid disorders
Patients with other autoimmune conditions (like Type 1 diabetes, lupus)
Women with infertility or history of recurrent miscarriage
Summary Table
| Test | Anti-TPO(Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody) |
|---|---|
| Sample Type | Serum |
| Fasting Required | ❌ No |
| Key Use | Diagnose autoimmune thyroid disease |
| High Values Suggest | Hashimoto’s, Graves’ disease, silent or postpartum thyroiditis |
| Follow-Up Tests | TSH, Free T3/T4, Anti-Tg, Ultrasound |
How our test process works!
