Beta 2 Glycoprotein 1 IgA antibody

Blood

Report in 48Hrs

At Home

No Fasting Required

Details

Autoantibody linked to clotting disorders.

₹1,554₹2,220

30% OFF

Beta 2 Glycoprotein 1 IgA Antibody - Comprehensive Medical Test Guide

Why is it done?
- Test Measurement: This test measures IgA class antibodies directed against Beta 2 Glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1), a phospholipid-binding protein, in the patient's blood.
- Primary Indications: Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), detection of thrombotic risk, recurrent pregnancy loss evaluation, unexplained thromboembolism, and autoimmune disease screening.
- Clinical Context: Performed when patients present with recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), unexplained arterial thrombosis, multiple miscarriages, or when APS is suspected based on clinical presentation.
- Screening Applications: Used as part of comprehensive antiphospholipid antibody panel alongside anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2GP1 IgG/IgM antibodies, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other connective tissue diseases.
Normal Range
- Reference Values: < 8.0 IU/mL (Negative) - Normal range varies by laboratory; generally negative results are < 1.0-8.0 IU/mL depending on assay used.
- Result Interpretation: Negative/Undetectable = Normal or absent antibodies Borderline = 8.0-12.0 IU/mL (warrants repeat testing) Positive = > 12.0-40.0 IU/mL (Low-to-moderate elevation) Strongly Positive = > 40.0 IU/mL (High elevation)
- Units of Measurement: IU/mL (International Units per milliliter) or GPL-U (Glycoprotein Phospholipid Units)
- Clinical Significance: Normal/Negative results indicate absence of anti-β2GP1 IgA antibodies; however, a single negative result does not exclude APS, as antibody levels may fluctuate.
- Repeat Testing: Borderline results typically require retesting 12 weeks later to confirm persistence and establish a diagnosis of APS.
Interpretation
- Negative Result: Indicates absence of IgA anti-β2GP1 antibodies; patient likely does not have APS related to these antibodies, though other antiphospholipid antibodies (IgG, IgM) should still be evaluated.
- Borderline (8-12 IU/mL): Equivocal result requiring confirmation; repeat testing in 12 weeks is essential; clinical significance depends on overall clinical context and presence of thrombotic events or obstetric manifestations.
- Low-Positive (12-40 IU/mL): Elevated anti-β2GP1 IgA antibodies present; supports diagnosis of APS if clinical criteria are met (thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity); IgA alone has lower thrombotic risk than IgG/IgM.
- High-Positive (> 40 IU/mL): Significantly elevated levels indicating strong immune response against β2GP1; substantially increases APS diagnosis probability; associated with increased thrombotic and obstetric complications.
- Factors Affecting Results: Acute infection, vaccination, malignancy, medications (anticoagulants, immunosuppressants), laboratory variation, timing of testing relative to thrombotic event, and concurrent presence of other autoimmune antibodies.
- Triple Positivity Significance: If IgA anti-β2GP1 is positive alongside IgG and IgM anti-β2GP1 or anti-cardiolipin antibodies, this 'triple positive' status significantly elevates thrombotic risk and strengthens APS diagnosis.
- Persistent Positivity: Positive results must be confirmed at least 12 weeks apart to meet diagnostic criteria for APS; transient positivity does not meet criteria.
Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems: Hematologic system (blood coagulation), vasculature (arterial and venous blood vessels), reproductive system (placenta in pregnancy), and central nervous system.
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS): Autoimmune thrombophilia characterized by recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy complications; anti-β2GP1 IgA antibodies are one diagnostic marker.
- Associated Thrombotic Complications: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), arterial stroke, myocardial infarction, mesenteric thrombosis, and microvascular thrombosis affecting multiple organs.
- Pregnancy-Related Complications: Recurrent miscarriage (typically after 10 weeks gestation), placental insufficiency, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia, and fetal demise.
- Associated Systemic Diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - 30% of SLE patients have antiphospholipid antibodies; Sjögren's syndrome; rheumatoid arthritis; and other connective tissue diseases.
- Secondary APS Associations: Occurs in conjunction with underlying autoimmune disease; Primary APS occurs without associated connective tissue disease.
- Catastrophic APS (CAPS): Rare but life-threatening manifestation involving multi-organ thrombosis and microangiopathy; affects kidneys, lungs, heart, brain, and skin; associated with high mortality if untreated.
- Neurological Manifestations: Ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), cognitive dysfunction, and headache/migraine; cerebral venous thrombosis possible.
Follow-up Tests
- Comprehensive Antiphospholipid Antibody Panel: Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA), Anti-β2GP1 IgG and IgM antibodies, and Lupus anticoagulant (LA) testing for complete APS evaluation.
- Confirmation Testing: Repeat anti-β2GP1 IgA testing 12 weeks after initial positive result to establish persistency required for APS diagnosis.
- Coagulation Studies: Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen level, and platelet count to assess overall hemostatic status.
- Autoimmune Disease Screening: Antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies, anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies to evaluate for SLE or Sjögren's syndrome.
- Thrombophilia Workup: Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A mutation, protein C and S levels, antithrombin III activity, and lipoprotein(a) for complete thrombotic risk assessment.
- Imaging Studies: Deep vein ultrasound, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), ECG, and echocardiography based on clinical presentation to identify thrombotic complications.
- Obstetric Evaluation (if applicable): High-resolution obstetric ultrasound, Doppler studies, fetal biometry, and placental evaluation for pregnant patients with positive antibodies.
- Monitoring Frequency: Annual testing for stable APS patients on anticoagulation; more frequent testing (every 6 months) for patients with recent thrombotic events or during pregnancy; testing before and after significant clinical events.
- Complementary Inflammatory Markers: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and complete blood count (CBC) to assess inflammatory status and complications.
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: NO - Fasting is NOT required for this antibody test. The patient may eat and drink normally before blood collection.
- Specimen Collection: A single blood draw is required; approximately 5-10 mL of serum is collected in a standard serum separator tube (SST).
- Specimen Handling: Serum should be separated within 1-2 hours of collection and stored at room temperature or refrigerated until processing.
- Medications - No Restrictions: Anticoagulant medications (warfarin, heparin, DOACs) should NOT be discontinued; antibody levels are not affected by anticoagulation status. Continue all regular medications as prescribed.
- Timing Considerations: Test can be performed at any time of day; for initial diagnosis, draw blood at least 6 weeks after acute thrombotic event or acute infection to minimize transient positive results.
- Avoid if Possible: Recent vaccination (within 1 week) may cause transient antibody elevation; if possible, delay testing 1-2 weeks after vaccinations for more reliable results.
- Special Instructions: Inform phlebotomist of relevant clinical history; ensure proper labeling of specimen; provide information about recent illnesses, infections, or vaccinations; report current medications including anticoagulants.
- Results Timeline: Results typically available within 3-7 business days; may be expedited at some laboratories.

How our test process works!