Bone Profile
6 parameters
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Details
Calcium, Phosphorous, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Albumin, Parathyroid hormone (PTH), Vitamin D 25OH
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🦴 Bone & Mineral Health Panel
Test | Fasting Required | Key Organs | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|---|
Calcium | ✅ Yes (8–10 hrs) | Bones, parathyroid, kidneys | Bone health, nerve/muscle function, calcium balance |
Phosphorous (Phosphate) | ✅ Yes | Bones, kidneys | Works with calcium for bone integrity; energy metabolism |
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | ✅ Yes (preferable) | Liver, bones | Marker for bone turnover or liver function |
Albumin | ✅ Yes | Liver | Affects total calcium calculation; nutritional/liver status |
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | ✅ Yes (morning) | Parathyroid glands | Regulates blood calcium/phosphate via bones, kidneys, gut |
Vitamin D (25-OH) | ✅ Yes (morning) | Liver (storage) → Kidney (active form) | Calcium/phosphate absorption, bone strength |
🔬 Individual Test Details
1. Calcium (Serum)
- 🧠 Function: Vital for bone density, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.
- 📉 Low Calcium: Hypoparathyroidism, kidney disease, Vitamin D deficiency
- 📈 High Calcium: Hyperparathyroidism, cancers, excessive Vitamin D or calcium intake
- 🧪 Adjusted Calcium = Total Calcium – Albumin adjustment (useful in low albumin states)
2. Phosphorous (Inorganic Phosphate)
- ⚙️ Function: Supports bone and teeth strength, helps make ATP (energy molecule).
- 📉 Low: Malnutrition, Vitamin D deficiency, alcohol abuse
- 📈 High: Kidney failure, hypoparathyroidism
3. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
- 🦴 Bone ALP: Increased during bone growth, fractures, or bone diseases (e.g. Paget’s, rickets)
- 🧪 Also elevated in liver disorders – always correlate with GGT to differentiate origin
- 📈 High in: Bone diseases, liver obstruction, pregnancy (placental ALP)
- 📉 Low in: Zinc deficiency, hypothyroidism
4. Albumin
- 💡 Produced in the liver; low albumin impacts total calcium readings
- 📉 Low Albumin: Chronic illness, liver disease, malnutrition
- 🧪 Used to correct serum calcium:
- Corrected Ca = Measured Ca + 0.8 × (4.0 − Albumin)
5. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- 🔁 Regulates: Calcium & phosphate via bone resorption, renal reabsorption, and gut absorption (via Vitamin D)
- 📈 High PTH (Hyperparathyroidism): High calcium, low phosphate
- 📉 Low PTH (Hypoparathyroidism): Low calcium, high phosphate
6. Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
- ☀️ Synthesized via sunlight (D3), diet (D2, D3), stored in liver
- 📉 Low Vitamin D: Weak bones, muscle pain, fatigue, increased fracture risk
- 📈 High Vitamin D: Rare, typically from over-supplementation
- 🧪 Also test 1,25(OH)₂ D in kidney disease or rare disorders
🩺 Diagnostic Use Cases
Clinical Situation | Likely Abnormalities |
|---|---|
Osteoporosis/Rickets | ↓ Calcium, ↓ Vitamin D, ↑ ALP, ↑ PTH |
Hyperparathyroidism | ↑ Calcium, ↓ Phosphate, ↑ PTH |
Hypoparathyroidism | ↓ Calcium, ↑ Phosphate, ↓ PTH |
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | ↓ Vitamin D, ↑ Phosphate, ↑ PTH, ↓ Calcium |
Malnutrition | ↓ Albumin, ↓ Calcium (adjusted), ↓ Phosphate |
🔗 Ideal Test Combinations
Core Panel | Add These For Full Insight |
|---|---|
Calcium + Phosphorous + ALP | PTH, Vitamin D 25OH, Albumin |
Bone pain or fractures | Bone density scan (DEXA), X-ray, PTH, Vit D |
Suspected Parathyroid Disorder | Calcium, Phosphate, PTH, Vit D, eGFR |
Liver-related ALP | Add GGT, ALT, AST, Bilirubin |
📋 Sample Summary Interpretation
Pattern | Possible Diagnosis |
|---|---|
↑ Calcium + ↑ PTH + ↓ Phosphate | Primary Hyperparathyroidism |
↓ Calcium + ↓ PTH + ↑ Phosphate | Hypoparathyroidism |
↓ Calcium + ↑ PTH + ↓ Vit D | Vitamin D Deficiency |
↑ ALP + Normal Ca/Phos | Bone growth (children) or healing bone |
↑ ALP + ↑ GGT | Liver origin rather than bone |
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