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Brain tumour

Cancer
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Report in 240Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Biopsy/resection specimen examined microscopically.

₹370₹529

30% OFF

Brain Tumour Diagnostic Testing

  • Why is it done?
    • Detection of abnormal brain tissue growth or mass lesions within the cranial cavity
    • Investigation of neurological symptoms including persistent headaches, seizures, vision changes, dizziness, balance problems, or cognitive changes
    • Staging and characterization of suspected primary or metastatic brain tumours
    • Monitoring disease progression and treatment response in known brain tumour patients
    • Evaluation of focal neurological deficits or raised intracranial pressure symptoms
    • Pre-operative assessment and surgical planning for lesion localization and extent determination
    • Differential diagnosis in patients with family history of hereditary cancer syndromes or neurofibromatosis
  • Normal Range
    • Normal Result: Absence of focal lesions, masses, or abnormal tissue growth within the brain parenchyma, ventricles, or meninges
    • Normal Brain Anatomy: Symmetrical ventricles, normal grey and white matter differentiation, no edema or mass effect, normal vasculature appearance
    • Signal Intensity: Normal signal intensity on T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI sequences; normal enhancement pattern with gadolinium
    • No Midline Shift: Brain structures in normal anatomical position without displacement from mass effect
    • Negative Findings on Advanced Imaging: Normal perfusion, diffusion, and metabolite ratios on advanced MRI sequences
    • No Hydrocephalus: Normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and ventricular size
  • Interpretation
    • Abnormal Finding - Presence of Mass or Lesion: Indicative of potential brain tumour (primary or secondary); requires characterization regarding location, size, composition, and enhancement pattern
    • Tumour Classification by Grade: WHO grade I (benign, low proliferation), Grade II (intermediate grade), Grade III (malignant), Grade IV (highly aggressive, glioblastoma multiforme); grading impacts prognosis and treatment decisions
    • Signal Characteristics: T1 hypointense/T2 hyperintense lesions suggest gliomas; peripheral enhancement with central necrosis suggests high-grade malignancy; homogeneous enhancement suggests meningioma or lower-grade tumour
    • Oedema Assessment: Presence of perilesional oedema (T2/FLAIR hyperintense) indicates disrupted blood-brain barrier and potential increased intracranial pressure
    • Mass Effect: Midline shift and ventricular compression indicate significant lesion burden and potential neurosurgical emergency
    • Metastatic Disease: Multiple lesions with different locations suggest metastatic brain involvement; typically occur at grey-white matter junction
    • Advanced Imaging Findings: Elevated choline/creatinine ratio, reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA), abnormal perfusion, and restricted diffusion all suggest malignancy
    • Hydrocephalus Presence: Obstructive or non-obstructive hydrocephalus indicates CSF obstruction requiring immediate clinical intervention
    • Location Significance: Brainstem, basal ganglia, and ventricular tumours carry different prognostic and surgical implications compared to cortical lesions
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Central nervous system (CNS) - brain tissue, meninges, ventricular system, and cerebrospinal fluid spaces
    • Primary Brain Tumours: Glioblastoma multiforme (Grade IV glioma), astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma
    • Secondary/Metastatic Tumours: Metastases from lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, and colorectal primary malignancies; typically multiple
    • Associated Diseases and Conditions: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and 2, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (CDH1 mutation), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 mutation), Cowden syndrome, Turcot syndrome
    • Complications from Tumour Presence: Increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, herniation syndromes, seizures, stroke from vascular compression or infiltration
    • Endocrine Dysfunction: Pituitary and hypothalamic involvement leading to hormonal imbalances, diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism
    • Neurological Complications: Motor and sensory deficits, speech disturbances, vision loss, cognitive impairment, personality changes from mass effect or infiltration
    • Haematological Effects: Vascular invasion and tumour necrosis can lead to intracranial hemorrhage and thrombotic complications
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Advanced MRI Imaging: Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and functional MRI (fMRI) for tumour characterization and surgical planning
    • PET-CT Imaging: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with CT for metabolic activity assessment and metastatic disease detection
    • Cerebral Angiography: Digital subtraction angiography or CTA for vascular relationships and preoperative embolization planning in hypervascular tumours
    • Tissue Biopsy and Histopathology: Stereotactic or open biopsy for definitive histological diagnosis, tumour grading, and molecular profiling (MGMT methylation status, IDH mutation, 1p/19q codeletion)
    • Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis: Lumbar puncture with CSF cytology for leptomeningeal involvement and biomarker assessment
    • Systemic Staging: CT chest/abdomen/pelvis, blood work for tumour markers in metastatic disease evaluation
    • Post-Treatment Surveillance: Regular MRI (typically 4-6 weeks post-surgery, then every 2-3 months for high-grade tumours) to assess treatment response and detect recurrence
    • Neuropsychological Assessment: Cognitive function testing for baseline and post-treatment monitoring, particularly following radiation or chemotherapy
    • Genetic Testing: Counselling and testing for hereditary cancer syndromes in patients with family history or early-onset tumours
    • Routine Imaging Follow-up Schedule: 3-6 months post-treatment for Grade III-IV tumours; 6-12 months for Grade I-II tumours; lifetime surveillance for recurrence risk
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Status: NO - Standard MRI for brain tumour detection does not require fasting
    • Exception - PET-CT Imaging: YES - 4-6 hours fasting required; fasting blood glucose should be <150 mg/dL for optimal imaging quality
    • Medications: Continue routine medications unless specifically instructed otherwise; inform radiologist of all medications and supplements
    • MRI Safety Preparation: Remove all ferromagnetic objects (metal jewelry, watches, hearing aids, dentures); disclose implanted devices (pacemakers, metal implants) to staff
    • Gadolinium Contrast Preparation: No fasting required for contrast injection; ensure adequate renal function (eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73m²) before contrast administration; hydration assessment may be needed for high-risk patients
    • Claustrophobia Management: Anti-anxiety medication may be prescribed (typically 1 hour before MRI); inform technician of anxiety concerns prior to procedure
    • Sedation Considerations: In paediatric patients or those unable to tolerate MRI, mild sedation or general anaesthesia may be required; fasting recommendations for sedation (6-8 hours for solids, 2 hours for clear liquids)
    • Clothing: Wear comfortable, metal-free clothing; hospital gown may be provided depending on facility protocols
    • Arrival Time: Plan to arrive 15-20 minutes early for registration and safety screening; total procedure time typically 30-60 minutes

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