Brucella IgM
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Brucella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that causes brucellosis, a zoonotic infection transmitted to humans from infected animals (especially cattle, goats, sheep, pigs)
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🧪 Brucella IgM Antibody Test
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Test Name | Brucella IgM Antibody |
Sample Type | Blood serum |
Fasting Required | ❌ Not required |
Test Method | ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) or other immunoassays |
Purpose | Detect recent or acute infection with Brucella bacteria |
Primary Organ Affected | Multiple: Liver, spleen, joints, bone marrow |
🦠 What is Brucella?
Brucella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that causes brucellosis, a zoonotic infection transmitted to humans from infected animals (especially cattle, goats, sheep, pigs) via:
- Direct contact with animals
- Ingestion of unpasteurized milk or dairy
- Inhalation (in occupational exposure)
🧬 Purpose of the IgM Test
Purpose | Explanation |
|---|---|
🔍 Diagnosis of acute brucellosis | IgM appears early in infection (usually within the first week) |
⏳ Differentiate from chronic phase | IgM indicates recent infection; IgG is used for chronic stage |
🧪 Supportive for clinical diagnosis | Used alongside symptoms and culture tests |
🧫 Symptoms Suggesting Brucella Infection
- Persistent fever
- Night sweats with a musty odor
- Fatigue and malaise
- Joint and muscle pain
- Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen)
- Back pain (in spinal involvement)
🧪 Complementary / Recommended Tests
Test | Why? |
|---|---|
Brucella IgG Antibody | Detects chronic or past exposure |
Blood culture for Brucella | Gold standard, especially in early illness |
SAT (Standard Agglutination Test) | Serological confirmation |
Liver Function Test (LFT) | Brucella can cause hepatitis-like symptoms |
CBC (Complete Blood Count) | May show leukopenia or mild anemia |
ESR/CRP | To detect inflammation |
📈 Interpretation of Brucella IgM
Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Positive IgM | Suggests recent or current Brucella infection |
Negative IgM | Either no infection or the patient is in the chronic phase or too early to detect |
Both IgM and IgG positive | Indicates subacute or ongoing infection |
🧾 Clinical Use Cases
- Suspected brucellosis in farmers, veterinarians, meat handlers
- Travel history to endemic regions
- Fever of unknown origin with joint pain or hepatosplenomegaly
- Workup for infective spondylitis or arthritis
📋 Summary Table
Test Name | Brucella IgM Antibody Test |
|---|---|
Detected Antibody Type | IgM (early/acute response) |
Sample | Blood (serum) |
Fasting | Not required |
Used For | Diagnosing acute or recent brucellosis |
Common Symptoms | Fever, night sweats, joint pain, hepatomegaly |
Recommended Add-Ons | Brucella IgG, blood culture, LFT, CBC, ESR |
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