Caesium

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Measures caesium exposure.

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Caesium Test Information Guide

Why is it done?
- Measures internal radioactive contamination from Caesium-137 exposure in the body
- Assesses radiation exposure from nuclear accidents, industrial incidents, or occupational exposure
- Determines whether individuals have ingested or inhaled radioactive caesium isotopes
- Monitors workers in nuclear facilities, research laboratories, or medical facilities using radioactive materials
- Evaluates emergency responders and affected populations following radiological incidents
- Guides treatment decisions for radiation poisoning or internal contamination
Normal Range
- Normal/Baseline Values: Less than 5 Bq/L (Becquerels per liter) in urine or less than 10 Bq/L in fecal samples
- Measurement Units: Bq/L (Becquerels per liter) or sometimes expressed as nCi/L (nanocuries per liter); 1 Bq = 0.027 nCi
- Regulatory Limits: Derived Intervention Level (DIL) typically ranges from 100-1000 Bq/L depending on regulatory agency and country
- Result Interpretation: Undetectable/Negative: No significant caesium contamination; Normal result
- Low Positive: Detectable but below intervention levels; May indicate minor exposure or environmental background
- Above Intervention Level: Indicates significant internal contamination requiring medical follow-up and possible treatment
Interpretation
- Undetectable Results: Indicates no internal caesium contamination or levels below detection threshold; Normal finding
- Low-Level Detection (Below Intervention Level): Suggests minor exposure, typically from environmental sources or food contamination
- May warrant dietary assessment and repeat testing to monitor trends
- Elevated Results (Above Intervention Level): Indicates significant internal contamination requiring medical evaluation and intervention
- May indicate acute exposure or chronic low-level uptake from contaminated food/water
- Warrants consideration of therapeutic intervention such as potassium iodide or Prussian blue administration
- Factors Affecting Results: Time since exposure (caesium has 30-year half-life; older exposures show lower values)
- Route of exposure (inhalation vs ingestion affects bioaccumulation)
- Dietary potassium intake (high potassium reduces caesium uptake)
- Individual metabolic rate and body composition
- Quality of sample collection and laboratory analysis techniques
- Clinical Significance: Helps quantify internal radiation dose and estimate health risks
- Critical for radiation protection programs and occupational health monitoring
- Used in epidemiological studies of radiation-exposed populations
Associated Organs
- Primary Target Organs: Muscle tissue (caesium accumulates similar to potassium)
- Gastrointestinal tract (primary route of exposure and accumulation)
- Lungs (if inhaled as aerosol)
- Associated Medical Conditions: Acute radiation syndrome (if high-level exposure)
- Radiation-induced malignancies (particularly thyroid cancer and leukemia with long-term exposure)
- Radiation enteritis (gastrointestinal inflammation from internal radiation)
- Bone marrow suppression and hematologic effects
- Reproductive effects and genetic mutations (especially in children)
- Complications of Abnormal Results: Increased risk of cancer due to prolonged internal radiation dose
- Long-term cumulative tissue damage affecting multiple organ systems
- Cardiovascular complications from radiation exposure
- Immune system suppression and increased infection susceptibility
Follow-up Tests
- If Results Elevated: Repeat caesium bioassay testing (typically 48-72 hours later or per regulatory requirements)
- Whole body counter evaluation (to measure total internal radiation burden)
- Other radionuclide bioassay tests (Strontium-90, Iodine-131, if co-exposure suspected)
- Complete blood count (CBC) to assess bone marrow function and detect radiation effects
- Thyroid function tests (TSH, Free T4) especially if concurrent iodine exposure
- Metabolic panel (electrolytes, creatinine) to assess kidney function and potassium levels
- Complementary Investigations: Radiation dosimetry calculation (to estimate effective dose)
- External dosimetry review (film badges, electronic dosimeters)
- Environmental sampling and food contamination analysis
- Chromosomal aberration tests (for acute exposure assessment)
- Monitoring Frequency: Occupational workers: Typically annual or semi-annual bioassay testing
- Post-incident exposure: Daily or weekly testing for first 2-4 weeks, then monthly if contamination persists
- Long-term monitoring: Annual or as warranted based on initial results and regulatory requirements
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: No - Fasting is NOT required for caesium bioassay testing
- Sample Collection Instructions: 24-hour urine collection in clean, uncontaminated container or fecal sample as specified by laboratory
- Whole body counter measurement (requires no sample preparation, no fasting needed)
- Medications to Avoid: Potassium supplements should be reported (may reduce caesium uptake)
- Diuretics may affect results and should be noted on test request
- Patient Preparation: Provide detailed exposure history (time, place, duration of potential caesium contact)
- Report any symptoms of radiation exposure (nausea, vomiting, burns, blistering)
- Document current medications, supplements, and recent medical procedures
- Notify laboratory of recent radiological procedures or contrast media use
- Ensure proper decontamination procedures have been followed before testing if occupational exposure occurred
- Special Considerations: Timing of test critical - ideally within 24-48 hours of exposure for optimal detection
- 24-hour urine collection provides better quantification than spot samples
- Baseline tests recommended for occupational workers prior to potential exposure

How our test process works!