CD10

Immunity

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Flow cytometry panel of immune cell surface markers.

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CD10 Test Information Guide

Why is it done?
- CD10 is an immunohistochemical marker used to detect the presence of CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen) on cell surfaces, primarily used in diagnosing and classifying hematologic malignancies and certain solid tumors
- Diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- Classification and prognostic stratification of leukemias and lymphomas
- Identification of follicular lymphomas and germinal center B-cell lymphomas
- Evaluation of renal cell carcinoma and other epithelial malignancies
- Assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in ALL patients
- Performed when hematologic malignancy is suspected or when detailed tumor immunophenotyping is needed for treatment planning
Normal Range
- Normal Result: CD10 Negative (0-5% positive cells or no CD10 expression detected)
- Abnormal Result: CD10 Positive (>5% of cells showing CD10 expression)
- Measurement Units: Percentage of cells expressing CD10 antigen; reported as positive/negative or percentage of positive cells (0-100%)
- Interpretation: Normal results indicate absence of CD10-expressing malignant cells in the specimen. Negative CD10 helps exclude certain types of lymphomas and leukemias. Positive results indicate CD10 expression suggestive of B-cell malignancy or specific lymphoma subtypes
Interpretation
- CD10 Positive Result:
  - Suggests common ALL (B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
  - Indicates follicular lymphoma (germinal center B-cell origin)
  - Consistent with lymph node germinal center B-cell lymphomas
- CD10 Negative Result:
  - Rules out follicular lymphoma and germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas
  - May indicate pre-B-cell ALL or T-cell malignancies
  - Suggests marginal zone lymphomas or other CD10-negative B-cell lymphomas
- Factors Affecting Results:
  - Sample quality and tissue fixation method
  - Antibody clone and detection methodology used
  - Prior treatments or therapy effects on antigen expression
  - Disease transformation or clonal evolution
- Clinical Significance:
  - CD10 expression is prognostically favorable in follicular lymphoma
  - Essential for accurate classification and determination of lymphoma grade
  - Helps guide treatment selection and predict treatment response
Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems:
  - Hematologic and lymphatic system
  - Bone marrow and lymph nodes
  - Immune system
- Associated Diseases:
  - B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), particularly common ALL
  - Follicular lymphoma (grades 1-3)
  - Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), germinal center subtype
  - Nodal marginal zone lymphoma
  - Renal cell carcinoma (clear cell and other subtypes)
  - Ovarian and endometrial cancers
  - Burkitt lymphoma (variable CD10 expression)
- Potential Complications of Abnormal Results:
  - Need for chemotherapy or targeted biologic therapy
  - Risk of disease progression and metastasis
  - Potential treatment complications and side effects
  - Development of secondary malignancies from treatment
Follow-up Tests
- Additional Immunophenotyping Tests:
  - Flow cytometry with CD19, CD20, CD22, CD34, TdT markers
  - BCL2 and BCL6 expression (for lymphoma classification)
  - Ki-67 proliferation index
- Molecular and Cytogenetic Tests:
  - Karyotype analysis and FISH for t(9;22), t(12;21), t(1;19)
  - BCL2 translocation studies (t(14;18)) for follicular lymphoma
  - Clonality studies (PCR for immunoglobulin gene rearrangement)
- Staging and Monitoring Tests:
  - Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
  - Comprehensive metabolic panel and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
  - Chest X-ray and CT imaging
  - PET-CT scan for lymphoma staging
- Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Monitoring:
  - Flow cytometry MRD assessment during and after treatment
  - PCR-based MRD testing for clonal populations
- Monitoring Frequency:
  - During active treatment: every 4-8 weeks
  - Post-treatment: every 3-6 months for 2 years, then annually
  - As clinically indicated based on symptoms or imaging findings
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Required: No
- Sample Type: Tissue specimen (bone marrow biopsy, lymph node biopsy, or other tumor tissue) or blood sample for flow cytometry; no special dietary restrictions required
- Patient Preparation Instructions:
  - Continue all regular medications unless instructed otherwise by physician
  - Eat and drink normally before the procedure
  - Wear loose-fitting, comfortable clothing for tissue biopsy procedures
  - Inform healthcare provider of any bleeding disorders or anticoagulation therapy
  - Arrange transportation if sedation will be used during biopsy
- Special Considerations:
  - Anticoagulants should be held per physician guidelines before biopsy
  - Aspirin and NSAIDs may need to be discontinued 5-7 days before biopsy
  - Sample must be processed promptly to maintain cell viability and antigen expression
  - Discuss any concerns or questions with the healthcare provider before specimen collection

How our test process works!