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CD13

Immunity
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Report in 72Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

Flow cytometry panel of immune cell surface markers.

₹2,738₹3,911

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CD13 Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Test Purpose: CD13 is a cell surface antigen marker used to identify and detect monocytes, macrophages, and myeloid progenitor cells in blood and bone marrow samples. It measures the presence of aminopeptidase N, a glycoprotein found on these myeloid cells.
    • Primary Indications: Diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other myeloid neoplasms; identification of monocytic differentiation; detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in hematologic malignancies; immunophenotyping of myeloid disorders.
    • Typical Timing: Performed during initial diagnostic workup of suspected leukemia; used in ongoing monitoring of known hematologic malignancies; ordered as part of comprehensive flow cytometry panels; repeated during treatment follow-up to assess response and detect recurrence.
  • Normal Range
    • Reference Values: CD13 is typically expressed as a percentage of total white blood cells or as part of a multi-parameter flow cytometry report. Normal peripheral blood contains approximately 2-10% monocytes that are CD13 positive. Normal CD13+ cells are usually observed in monocytes and granulocytes. Reference ranges vary by laboratory and may be expressed as percentage of cells positive or mean fluorescence intensity (MFI).
    • Result Interpretation: Positive/Present: CD13 antigen detected on myeloid cells (normal finding on monocytes); Normal Pattern: CD13 expression on monocytes with appropriate gating; Abnormal: Aberrant CD13 expression, absence of expected CD13+ population, or increased blast population with CD13 expression (may indicate leukemia).
    • Units of Measurement: Percentage (%) of cells expressing CD13; Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI); Flow cytometry channel value; Boolean positive/negative result depending on gating strategy.
    • Normal vs Abnormal: Normal indicates appropriate CD13 expression on monocytes and certain granulocytes; Abnormal may indicate myeloid leukemia, dysplastic syndrome, or other hematologic disorder; the clinical significance depends on the complete immunophenotype and morphologic findings.
  • Interpretation
    • CD13 Positive (Normal Expression): Expected finding on monocytes and myeloid progenitors; indicates normal myeloid differentiation; part of normal monocytic lineage identification; when present in appropriate percentage and pattern, suggests absence of monocytic leukemia.
    • CD13 in Blasts (Abnormal Finding): When CD13 is expressed on blast cells, indicates myeloid differentiation; suggestive of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); helps classify AML into M1-M5 subtypes; important for prognostic classification and treatment decisions.
    • Aberrant or Altered Expression: Unusual patterns or intensity of CD13 expression may indicate dysplastic hematopoiesis; increased or decreased MFI compared to controls may suggest myeloid neoplasm; absence where expected may indicate myelodysplastic syndrome or acute leukemia of non-monocytic type.
    • Factors Affecting Results: Cell viability (dead cells may have altered staining); Specimen age and storage conditions; Flow cytometer instrument settings and calibration; Fixation method used; Antibody quality and concentration; Patient factors (active infection, medications); Stage of myeloid differentiation.
    • Clinical Significance Patterns: CD13+ monocytes with normal morphology: Normal findings; CD13+ immature cells: Suggestive of AML; CD13 dim or variable expression: May indicate abnormal maturation; CD13 in combination with other markers (CD33, CD34, CD45): Helps define specific AML subtypes; Loss of CD13 in monocytes: May indicate monocytic differentiation defect.
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ Systems: Hematopoietic system (bone marrow and peripheral blood); Lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes) as sites of myeloid neoplasm involvement; Reticuloendothelial system involved in myeloid malignancy dissemination.
    • Associated Conditions - Abnormal CD13 Expression: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), particularly M1-M5 subtypes; Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML); Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS); Acute Monocytic Leukemia; Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia; Monocytic Leukemia; Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia; Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm.
    • Diseases Diagnosed or Monitored: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (diagnostic and prognostic); Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in blast crisis; Myelodysplastic Syndrome with monocytic features; Monocytic differentiation disorders; Leukostasis syndrome; Secondary malignancies with myeloid component.
    • Potential Complications of Abnormal Results: Progression of untreated myeloid leukemia leading to organ infiltration; Leukostasis affecting lungs and brain; Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); Tumor lysis syndrome with treatment; Hepatosplenomegaly; Bone marrow failure with cytopenias; CNS involvement and leukemic meningitis; Secondary infections due to impaired immune function.
    • Organ-Specific Manifestations: Bone marrow: Replacement by leukemic blasts; Spleen: Enlargement (splenomegaly); Liver: Hepatomegaly with leukemic infiltration; CNS: Leukemic meningitis; Lungs: Leukostasis, infection; Kidneys: Renal dysfunction from leukemia or treatment.
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Recommended Follow-up Tests: Complete flow cytometry panel (additional markers CD34, CD33, CD45, HLA-DR, CD117); Morphologic review of blood and bone marrow smears; Cytochemical stains (MPO, esterase); Cytogenetic analysis for risk stratification; Molecular testing (FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA mutations); FISH analysis for recurrent translocations.
    • Complementary Diagnostic Tests: CD33 antigen expression; CD34 (blast marker); CD45 (pan-leukocyte marker); CD11b (monocytic differentiation); CD13/CD33 co-expression patterns; CD11c; CD14 (monocytic maturation); Other myeloid markers as indicated.
    • Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring: CD13 used in MRD monitoring post-treatment; Flow cytometry performed after induction therapy; Repeated testing at regular intervals (typically every 3-4 months during first 2 years); More frequent monitoring in high-risk patients; CD13+ blast detection as marker of disease recurrence.
    • Further Investigation if Abnormal: Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration; Histopathologic examination; Immunohistochemistry on bone marrow; Karyotyping; Gene mutation analysis (FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A); Gene expression profiling; Imaging studies (chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound/CT) if leukostasis or organ involvement suspected.
    • Monitoring Frequency: Initial diagnosis: One-time comprehensive study; During treatment: Weekly to every 2 weeks while receiving active therapy; Post-remission: Every 3 months for 2 years; Maintenance phase: Every 6-12 months; Off therapy: Every 6-12 months for long-term surveillance; More frequently if clinical deterioration occurs.
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: NO
    • Fasting Duration: Not applicable; fasting is not required for CD13 flow cytometry testing
    • Special Instructions: Patients may eat and drink normally before the test; No specific dietary restrictions; Scheduled testing should be done at consistent times if possible for trending results; Patient should be well-hydrated for easier blood draw; Avoid drawing during acute stress or infection if possible (may affect results).
    • Medications to Avoid: No specific medications need to be discontinued; Chemotherapy drugs should not be held unless otherwise directed by physician; Continue all regular medications as prescribed; Notify phlebotomist of anticoagulation therapy (warfarin, heparin, DOACs) before draw.
    • Other Patient Preparation Requirements: Have identification and insurance information available; Avoid strenuous exercise 24 hours before testing if possible; Arrive 10-15 minutes early for appointment; Wear comfortable clothing with easily accessible arms for blood draw; Inform staff of needle anxiety or previous difficult draws; Specimen must be collected in appropriate tube (typically EDTA lavender-top tube); Sample must be processed within 24 hours; Keep sample at room temperature, do not refrigerate; Communicate any acute illness or fever to phlebotomist.

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