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CD15

Immunity
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Report in 72Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Flow cytometry panel of immune cell surface markers.

₹2,738₹3,911

30% OFF

CD15 Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • CD15 is a carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of granulocytes (neutrophils) and monocytes; this test measures the presence and level of CD15-positive cells in blood samples
    • Diagnosis of hematologic malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other myeloid disorders
    • Flow cytometry analysis as part of immunophenotyping to classify and monitor leukemias and lymphomas
    • Assessment of myeloid differentiation in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples
    • Monitoring treatment response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia or other hematologic malignancies
    • Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) during and after cancer treatment
    • Investigation of abnormal white blood cell counts or abnormal cells identified on other laboratory tests
  • Normal Range
    • CD15-positive cells typically comprise 40-85% of circulating white blood cells in healthy individuals
    • Absolute CD15 count: typically 2,500-7,500 cells/μL (2.5-7.5 × 10⁹/L)
    • Normal range may vary slightly by laboratory and testing methodology; reference ranges should be obtained from the performing laboratory
    • CD15 positive result: Indicates normal myeloid differentiation and normal granulocyte/monocyte population
    • CD15 negative or markedly reduced: May indicate immature myeloid cells, acute leukemia, or abnormal cell differentiation
    • Interpretation requires integration with other immunophenotypic markers (CD13, CD33, CD34, CD117, myeloperoxidase) for accurate diagnosis
  • Interpretation
    • CD15 Positive (Normal Expression): Indicates normal granulocyte and monocyte maturation; suggests absence of early-stage acute myeloid leukemia; consistent with normal hematopoiesis
    • CD15 Negative or Reduced Expression: May indicate acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in blast cells that have not completed maturation; associated with immature myeloid precursors; requires further investigation with additional markers
    • CD15 in AML Subtypes: Often negative or weakly positive in M0 (AML with minimal differentiation) and M1 (AML without maturation); may show variable expression in other AML subtypes depending on degree of differentiation
    • Immunophenotypic Context: CD15 status must be evaluated alongside CD13, CD33 (early myeloid markers), CD34 (blast marker), and HLA-DR; abnormal antigen expression patterns support diagnosis of hematologic malignancy
    • Factors Affecting Results: Sample processing time and storage conditions; presence of immature cells or blasts; chemotherapy or other treatments affecting cell differentiation; chronic infections or inflammatory conditions; bone marrow aspirate versus peripheral blood differences
    • Clinical Significance: CD15 is a valuable marker for identifying myeloid lineage and assessing differentiation; absence or marked reduction in CD15 on blast cells is highly suggestive of acute leukemia; serial monitoring can assess treatment response and detect minimal residual disease
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Hematopoietic (blood-forming) system, including bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and circulating blood
    • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): CD15 negativity in blast cells is characteristic of early-stage AML; can lead to bone marrow failure, severe infections, bleeding complications, and organ infiltration
    • Other Hematologic Malignancies: Used in diagnosis of various acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, and lymphomas with myeloid differentiation
    • Bone Marrow Disorders: Abnormal CD15 expression patterns indicate disrupted hematopoietic cell production and differentiation in the bone marrow
    • Potential Complications of Associated Malignancies: Severe infections due to lack of mature functional granulocytes; spontaneous bleeding from thrombocytopenia; leukostasis with organ infiltration; tumor lysis syndrome; disseminated intravascular coagulation
    • Secondary Organ Involvement: Leukemic cells can infiltrate liver, spleen, central nervous system, lungs, and other organs; CD15 status helps characterize these infiltrative processes
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Comprehensive Flow Cytometry Panel: Complete immunophenotypic analysis with CD13, CD33, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, MPO, and other markers for precise diagnosis and classification
    • Cytochemical Stains: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Sudan Black, and other stains to confirm myeloid differentiation and further classify leukemia subtypes
    • Cytogenetic Analysis: Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify chromosomal abnormalities and prognostic factors in AML
    • Molecular Testing: Gene mutations (FLT3-ITD, NPM1, TP53) and PCR-based minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring
    • Complete Blood Count (CBC): Assess white blood cell count, differential, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels
    • Peripheral Blood Smear: Morphologic evaluation of blood cells including blast identification and assessment of cell differentiation
    • Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration: Direct evaluation of hematopoietic cells, blast percentage, and cell maturation; provides morphologic and immunophenotypic correlation
    • Monitoring for MRD: Serial flow cytometry or PCR-based monitoring during and after chemotherapy to detect minimal residual disease; typically performed at defined intervals (monthly to quarterly) depending on treatment protocol
    • Coagulation Studies: PT/INR, aPTT, fibrinogen to assess for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
    • Chemistry Panel: Electrolytes, renal function, liver function, uric acid, and LDH for baseline assessment and monitoring of treatment toxicity
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: No
    • CD15 testing does not require fasting; patient may eat and drink normally before blood draw
    • Sample Collection: Peripheral blood sample collected via venipuncture into EDTA (lavender-top) tube or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid anticoagulant tube for flow cytometry analysis
    • Special Preparation: No special patient preparation required; no medication restrictions; sample should be processed promptly (ideally within 24-48 hours) to maintain cell viability for accurate flow cytometric analysis
    • Bone Marrow Aspiration (Alternative): If CD15 testing performed on bone marrow aspirate, patient should be fasting for 4-6 hours prior to bone marrow biopsy/aspiration procedure as sedation may be used
    • Medications: No specific medications need to be withheld for CD15 blood testing; continue routine medications as prescribed; certain chemotherapy or medications affecting hematopoiesis may alter results (inform laboratory)

How our test process works!

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