jamunjar-logo
whatsapp
cartmembermenu
Search for
"test & packages"
"physiotherapy"
"heart"
"lungs"
"diabetes"
"kidney"
"liver"
"cancer"
"thyroid"
"bones"
"fever"
"vitamin"
"iron"
"HTN"

CD16/56

Immunity
image

Report in 48Hrs

image

At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Flow cytometry panel of immune cell surface markers.

₹4,736₹6,766

30% OFF

CD16/56 Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Identifies and quantifies natural killer (NK) cells in blood samples using flow cytometry
    • Evaluates immune system function and cellular immunity status
    • Diagnoses immunodeficiency disorders and natural killer cell deficiencies
    • Monitors patients with HIV/AIDS to assess immune reconstitution
    • Evaluates suspected lymphoproliferative disorders and hematologic malignancies
    • Assesses recurrent infections and chronic viral infections
    • Part of comprehensive immunophenotyping panels for leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis
    • Typically performed during initial immune workup or when immunodeficiency is suspected
  • Normal Range
    • CD16+CD56+ (Total NK cells): 5-20% of lymphocytes or approximately 50-350 cells/μL
    • CD16+CD56dim (Cytotoxic NK cells): 90-95% of NK cells; primarily responsible for cytotoxic function
    • CD16-CD56bright (Cytokine-producing NK cells): 5-10% of NK cells; produce immunoregulatory cytokines
    • Normal ranges vary by laboratory and patient age; reference intervals should be obtained from the testing laboratory
    • Results expressed as percentage of lymphocytes or absolute count (cells/μL)
    • Normal results indicate adequate NK cell numbers and function; abnormal results suggest immune compromise or specific pathology
  • Interpretation
    • Elevated CD16/56 counts: May indicate NK cell leukemia, NK lymphoproliferative disease, or clonal NK cell expansion; can also occur with chronic viral infections (CMV, EBV, hepatitis) or recent immune stimulation
    • Decreased CD16/56 counts: Suggests NK cell deficiency, immunodeficiency disorders, HIV/AIDS, bone marrow disorders, or chemotherapy effects; indicates compromised innate immunity
    • Altered CD16+CD56dim/CD16-CD56bright ratio: Indicates functional abnormalities; expansion of CD16-CD56bright cells associated with immune activation; reduction in CD16+CD56dim cells suggests impaired cytotoxic function
    • Factors affecting results: Age, medications (immunosuppressants, biologics), recent infections, exercise, stress, pregnancy, bone marrow disorders, and chemotherapy can influence NK cell counts
    • Clinical significance: Results must be interpreted with clinical context, other lymphocyte subsets (CD4, CD8), and patient presentation; serial monitoring may be more informative than single measurements
    • Clonal populations identified by flow cytometry may require further evaluation with genetic studies or bone marrow examination
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary organ systems: Immune system, hematologic system, bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes, and spleen
    • Conditions associated with abnormal results: NK cell leukemia/lymphoma, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), NK cell deficiency syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, HIV/AIDS, cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, chronic hepatitis, aplastic anemia
    • Diseases diagnosed/monitored: Acute leukemias, chronic leukemias, lymphomas, immunodeficiency disorders, opportunistic infections, autoimmune conditions, and transplant rejection
    • Potential complications: Severe infections with encapsulated organisms, disseminated viral infections, increased malignancy risk, immune dysregulation, and sepsis in immunocompromised patients
    • Natural killer cells originate from bone marrow and migrate to lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood where they provide frontline defense against viral infections and malignant transformation
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Complete blood count (CBC) to evaluate overall leukocyte and lymphocyte populations
    • CD4/CD8 T-cell enumeration in HIV-positive patients or those with suspected immunodeficiency
    • Extended flow cytometry panel including CD3, CD19, CD14, HLA-DR to assess complete immune status
    • Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration if leukemia or lymphoproliferative disorder is suspected
    • Cytochemical or molecular studies (PCR, chromosomal analysis) for clonal NK cell populations
    • NK cell functional assays (cytotoxicity testing) if dysfunction is suspected
    • Viral serology (CMV, EBV, hepatitis) if chronic infection is suspected
    • Immunoglobulin levels and B-cell enumeration for comprehensive immune assessment
    • Serial CD16/56 monitoring every 3-6 months for HIV patients or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy
    • Imaging studies (CT, PET) if lymphoproliferative disease or malignancy is indicated
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: No fasting is required
    • This is a blood test using flow cytometry analysis that does not require dietary preparation
    • Patient preparation: No special preparation needed; routine venipuncture will be performed
    • Medications: Continue all medications as prescribed unless otherwise directed by healthcare provider; immunosuppressive medications should be noted as they may affect results
    • Timing considerations: Test can be performed at any time of day; recent infections or vaccinations should be documented as they may transiently affect NK cell counts
    • Specimen must be collected in appropriate EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tube and processed within 24 hours for optimal results

How our test process works!

customers
customers