CD3/CD4/CD8
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Evaluate immune system function, especially in HIV, immunodeficiency, autoimmune, and transplant settings
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🧬 CD3 / CD4 / CD8 – T-Lymphocyte Subset Analysis
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Sample Type | Blood (EDTA) |
Fasting Required | 🚫 Not required |
Test Method | Flow Cytometry |
Primary Purpose | Evaluate immune system function, especially in HIV, immunodeficiency, autoimmune, and transplant settings |
Primary Organs | Immune System – especially T lymphocytes (produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus) |
🧪 What Do These Markers Indicate?
Marker | Represents | Function |
|---|---|---|
CD3 | All mature T lymphocytes | Overall T-cell population |
CD4 | Helper T-cells | Activate B-cells, macrophages; orchestrate immune response |
CD8 | Cytotoxic T-cells | Destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells |
CD4/CD8 Ratio | Balance between helper and cytotoxic response | Normally 1.0–3.5 in healthy individuals |
🔍 When is This Test Recommended?
Clinical Condition | Purpose of CD3/CD4/CD8 Testing |
|---|---|
✅ HIV/AIDS | Monitor CD4+ T-cell count – disease progression and ART response |
✅ Immunodeficiency (primary/secondary) | Evaluate immune function |
✅ Autoimmune disorders (e.g. SLE) | Assess immune imbalance |
✅ Organ Transplantation | Monitor immune status and graft rejection risk |
✅ Certain cancers (lymphomas) | Track T-cell behavior |
✅ Immunosuppressive therapy | Guide therapy effectiveness and adjust dosages |
📊 Typical Reference Ranges
Parameter | Normal Range (Adults) |
|---|---|
CD3+ T cells | 800 – 2,400 cells/µL (60–85% of lymphocytes) |
CD4+ T cells | 500 – 1,500 cells/µL (30–60% of lymphocytes) |
CD8+ T cells | 150 – 1,000 cells/µL (15–40% of lymphocytes) |
CD4/CD8 Ratio | 1.0 – 3.5 |
⚠️ In HIV, CD4 counts may fall below 200 cells/µL — a key marker for AIDS diagnosis.
🧭 How the Test Helps in HIV
Stage | CD4 Count (cells/µL) | Implication |
|---|---|---|
Normal | > 500 | Normal immunity |
Moderate Immunosuppression | 200–500 | Risk of infections increases |
Severe Immunosuppression (AIDS) | < 200 | Start prophylaxis for opportunistic infections |
🔬 Tests Commonly Done Alongside
Test | Why? |
|---|---|
HIV Viral Load (PCR) | Monitors viral replication, guides ART |
CD4 Absolute Count | Direct indicator of immune status in HIV |
CBC | Check overall white cell count and lymphocyte percentage |
Hepatitis Panel | Co-infections in immunocompromised patients |
CRP / ESR | Inflammation monitoring |
Quantiferon TB Gold / IGRA | Latent TB check in immunosuppressed patients |
⚠️ Low or High Counts May Indicate
Findings | Possible Conditions |
|---|---|
Low CD4 | HIV/AIDS, bone marrow suppression, cancer, corticosteroid use |
High CD8 | Chronic viral infection, autoimmune diseases |
Low CD4/CD8 Ratio | HIV/AIDS, immune suppression |
High CD4/CD8 Ratio | Autoimmunity (e.g., MS, rheumatoid arthritis) |
📋 Summary Table
Test Name | CD3 / CD4 / CD8 T-Cell Subsets |
|---|---|
Sample | Blood (EDTA) |
Fasting | Not required |
Purpose | Assess T-cell-mediated immunity |
Used In | HIV/AIDS, immunodeficiency, cancer, autoimmune, transplant cases |
Normal CD4/CD8 Ratio | 1.0 – 3.5 |
How our test process works!
