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CD4 Absolute Count

Immunity
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Report in 240Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Flow cytometry panel of immune cell surface markers.

₹1,110₹1,586

30% OFF

CD4 Absolute Count Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Measures the absolute number of CD4+ T lymphocytes (white blood cells) in a given volume of blood, expressed as cells per microliter (cells/µL)
    • Primary indication: Monitoring immune system function in HIV-positive patients to assess disease progression and guide antiretroviral therapy (ART) decisions
    • Evaluates risk for opportunistic infections (OIs) and AIDS-defining illnesses
    • Assesses response to antiretroviral therapy and determines need for preventive medication
    • May be used to diagnose immunosuppression in patients with other conditions affecting immune function
    • Typically performed at HIV diagnosis, periodically during therapy (every 3-6 months), and more frequently if results are low or concerning
  • Normal Range
    • Normal Range: 500-1,500 cells/µL (or 0.5-1.5 × 10³ cells/µL)
    • Units of Measurement: cells/µL (cells per microliter of blood) or cells/mm³
    • Normal Result: CD4 count of 500-1,500 cells/µL indicates adequate immune function in adults. In HIV-negative individuals, immune system is considered healthy and capable of fighting infections
    • Low CD4 Count: Below 500 cells/µL indicates immunosuppression and increased risk for infections. Below 200 cells/µL represents severe immunosuppression and AIDS diagnosis in HIV patients
    • High CD4 Count: Above 1,500 cells/µL in HIV patients typically indicates good response to antiretroviral therapy and immune reconstitution
  • Interpretation
    • CD4 Count 500-1,500 cells/µL: Normal immune function; adequate protection against most infections; no immediate risk of opportunistic infections
    • CD4 Count 200-500 cells/µL: Mild to moderate immunosuppression; increased risk for certain infections; prophylaxis may be recommended; requires closer monitoring
    • CD4 Count <200 cells/µL: Severe immunosuppression; meets diagnostic criteria for AIDS in HIV patients; high risk for opportunistic infections (PCP, toxoplasmosis, CMV); prophylactic medications strongly recommended; urgent ART initiation or optimization needed
    • CD4 Count <50 cells/µL: Critical immunosuppression; very high risk for severe opportunistic infections; multiple prophylactic medications typically required; immediate medical intervention necessary
    • Factors Affecting Results: HIV viral load, adherence to ART, concurrent infections, vaccinations, stress, time of day (CD4 counts naturally fluctuate), laboratory variation, and individual immune response
    • Clinical Significance of Trends: Rising CD4 count indicates successful ART and immune recovery; declining count suggests treatment failure, poor adherence, or emerging resistance; rapid drops may indicate acute infection or disease progression
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary System: Immune system (lymphoid tissue including thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)
    • Conditions Associated with Low CD4: HIV/AIDS, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), DiGeorge syndrome, lymphomas, chemotherapy effects, organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressants
    • Opportunistic Infections Associated with Low CD4: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), tuberculosis, candidiasis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
    • Affected Organ Systems with Low CD4: Respiratory system (pneumonia), central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis), gastrointestinal tract (esophageal candidiasis), skin, eyes (CMV retinitis)
    • Complications of Severe Immunosuppression: Increased susceptibility to infections, malignancies (lymphomas, cervical cancer), wasting syndrome, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) upon ART initiation
  • Follow-up Tests
    • HIV Viral Load (HIV RNA): Essential companion test to CD4 count; measures amount of HIV in blood; determines disease progression and ART effectiveness
    • CD4 Percentage: CD4 count as percentage of total lymphocytes; provides complementary information to absolute count; useful in patients with lymphopenia
    • CD4/CD8 Ratio: Measures balance between helper and killer T cells; useful for assessing immune recovery; normal ratio typically >1.0
    • Complete Blood Count (CBC): Evaluates overall white blood cell count and other cell lines; detects cytopenias related to HIV or medications
    • Opportunistic Infection Screening: Tests for TB, toxoplasmosis serology, CMV, cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) when CD4 <50-100 cells/µL
    • Monitoring Frequency: Every 3 months for patients on stable ART; every 1-3 months during therapy changes or when CD4 <200 cells/µL; baseline testing at HIV diagnosis; CD4 >300 cells/µL can be monitored every 6-12 months if stable
    • Immune Activation Markers: HLA-DR, CD38 expression; assess ongoing immune activation; may predict clinical progression independent of CD4 count
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: NO
    • Preparation: No special preparation required. Fasting is not necessary for CD4 count measurement. Patient may eat and drink normally before the test
    • Medications: Continue all regular medications as prescribed, including antiretroviral therapy. Do not discontinue or alter medications before testing
    • Special Instructions: Try to schedule testing at the same time of day for consistency (CD4 counts have natural daily variation). Inform healthcare provider of any recent infections, vaccinations, or stress. Bring insurance card and identification to appointment
    • Sample Collection: Simple blood draw from arm vein; minimal discomfort; typically requires less than 5 minutes; results usually available within 24-48 hours

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