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Chlamydia Trachomatis IgA Antibody by EIA - Serum
Bacterial/ Viral
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No Fasting Required
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Detects IgA antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis.
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Chlamydia Trachomatis IgA Antibody by EIA - Serum
- Why is it done?
- Detects IgA antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis, indicating active or recent infection of the genital, urinary, or respiratory tract
- Diagnosis of active chlamydial infection in symptomatic patients presenting with urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or mucopurulent cervical discharge
- Evaluation of chronic reproductive tract infections or recurrent symptoms suggestive of chlamydial disease
- Assessment of complicated chlamydial infections including upper reproductive tract involvement and systemic complications
- Investigation of reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter's syndrome) when chlamydial etiology is suspected
- Typically performed when other tests for chlamydial detection (such as nucleic acid amplification tests) are inconclusive or when serological evidence is needed to confirm recent or active infection
- Normal Range
- Negative Result: <0.90 Index or <1:64 titer (varies by laboratory method)
- Equivocal/Borderline Result: 0.90-1.10 Index or 1:64 titer (may require repeat testing)
- Positive Result: >1.10 Index or ≥1:128 titer or higher
- Units of Measurement: Index value (optical density ratio) or Antibody Titer
- Normal Interpretation: Negative result indicates absence of detectable IgA antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, suggesting no active or recent infection; however, very early infections or latent infections may not be detected
- Abnormal Interpretation: Positive result indicates presence of IgA antibodies, suggesting active or recent chlamydial infection; higher titers generally correlate with more recent or ongoing infection
- Interpretation
- Positive IgA Result: Indicates active or recent chlamydial infection (within weeks to few months); IgA antibodies appear relatively early in infection course and represent mucosal immune response; commonly seen in acute urogenital chlamydiosis, PID, and reactive arthritis
- Negative IgA Result: Suggests absence of active chlamydial infection; however, may be negative in very early infections (first 1-2 weeks), chronic infections with only IgG present, or in patients with inadequate immune response
- Equivocal/Borderline Result: Requires repeat testing in 1-2 weeks to assess for rising titers; may indicate very early infection, recovery phase, or low-level persistent infection
- High Titer Positive: Indicates more recent or acute active infection rather than remote exposure; fourfold or greater rise in titer between acute and convalescent sera is highly significant for recent infection
- Factors Affecting Results: Timing of specimen collection relative to infection onset; immunosuppression or immunocompromise may reduce antibody production; current antibiotic therapy may affect results; cross-reactivity with other infections is possible; laboratory variation in reference ranges
- Clinical Significance of Patterns: Positive IgA with positive NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) strongly confirms active infection; positive IgA with negative NAAT may indicate recent/recent past infection; IgA positivity in symptomatic patient is highly specific for chlamydial disease
- Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems: Urogenital tract (urethra, bladder, prostate in males; urethra, bladder, cervix, uterus in females); upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovaries, endometrium); respiratory tract (pharynx, lungs)
- Associated Conditions and Diseases: Acute urethritis and cervicitis; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); epididymitis and orchitis in males; prostatitis; endometritis; salpingitis; ectopic pregnancy (complication of PID); infertility (both male and female); chronic pelvic pain; reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome) with arthralgia/arthritis; conjunctivitis and keratitis; pharyngitis; pneumonia (particularly in infants - inclusion conjunctivitis/pneumonia of newborns); lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in severe cases
- Potential Complications: Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease leading to adhesions and chronic pain; tubal factor infertility from scarring; increased risk of ectopic pregnancy; vertical transmission during childbirth causing neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia; systemic complications including endocarditis (rare); perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome); disseminated gonococcal infection in cases of concurrent gonorrhea; long-term sequelae of untreated infection
- Follow-up Tests
- Initial Diagnostic Confirmation: Chlamydia trachomatis NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) from urine or urethral/cervical swab for definitive pathogen detection; Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibody to assess for past infection or chronic disease; Chlamydia trachomatis IgM antibody if available to help establish timing of infection
- Co-infection Screening: Neisseria gonorrhoeae NAAT or culture; syphilis serology (RPR/VDRL with FTA-ABS or TP-PA confirmation); HIV antibody/antigen testing; Mycoplasma genitalium NAAT; herpes simplex virus (HSV) serology or PCR if indicated
- Complications Assessment: Pelvic ultrasound to evaluate for PID sequelae, tubal damage, or free fluid; HCG testing if ectopic pregnancy suspected; ESR/CRP for inflammatory markers in complicated cases; imaging of joints if reactive arthritis suspected
- Follow-up Testing Schedule: Test of cure (NAAT) 3-4 weeks after completion of antibiotic therapy; repeat IgA serology in 1-2 weeks if initial result is borderline or equivocal; pair serum samples (acute and convalescent, 2-3 weeks apart) for fourfold or greater titer rise confirmation
- Monitoring for Chronic/Recurrent Infection: Repeat NAAT testing if symptoms persist after treatment; periodic IgA serology in recurrent infection cases; contact tracing and testing of sexual partners; reinfection detection through NAAT with new specimen collection
- Fasting Required?
- Fasting Status: No - Fasting is NOT required for this serum antibody test
- Patient Preparation: Patient may eat and drink normally before blood draw; no special preparation is necessary
- Specimen Collection Requirements: Serum specimen obtained by venipuncture into serum separator tube (SST) or standard blood collection tube; no additives required; allow blood to clot if SST not used; separate serum after clotting; refrigerate if testing delayed
- Medication Considerations: No medications need to be avoided; however, current antibiotic therapy may affect results and should be noted on requisition; immunosuppressive medications may reduce antibody response
- Specimen Timing Considerations: For optimal results, collect specimen 1-2 weeks after symptom onset (allows adequate time for antibody production); if paired sera needed for acute/convalescent comparison, collect second specimen 2-3 weeks after first
How our test process works!
