Coxsackie - IgG antibody, Serum

Bacterial/ Viral

Report in 216Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

Detects antibodies to Coxsackie virus.

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Coxsackie - IgG Antibody Serum Test Information Guide

Why is it done?
- Detects IgG antibodies produced in response to Coxsackievirus A or B infection, indicating past or current infection
- Confirms previous Coxsackievirus exposure and immunity status in patients with suspected viral infection
- Investigates viral etiology in patients presenting with myocarditis, pericarditis, or meningitis
- Evaluates chronic fatigue syndrome, post-viral syndromes, or recurrent symptoms potentially related to Coxsackievirus
- Performed when acute IgM antibody is borderline or negative but clinical suspicion remains high
- Typically performed during convalescent phase or several weeks after symptom onset for optimal antibody development
Normal Range
- Negative Result: < 1.0 index or < 0.9 S/CO (Signal-to-Cutoff) ratio, or reported as 'Negative' or 'Not Detected'
- Positive Result: > 1.0 index or > 1.1 S/CO ratio, or reported as 'Positive' or 'Detected'
- Borderline/Equivocal: 0.9-1.1 index, typically requires repeat testing or confirmation
- Units of Measurement: Index (0-2.0), S/CO ratio, or qualitative (Negative/Positive) depending on laboratory methodology
- Interpretation: Negative indicates no prior or current Coxsackievirus infection, or testing performed too early before antibody formation. Positive indicates past infection and immunity.
Interpretation
- Positive IgG (with Negative IgM): Indicates past Coxsackievirus infection with established immunity; not indicative of acute infection
- Positive IgG (with Positive IgM): Suggests acute or recent Coxsackievirus infection; both antibodies present indicates current immune response
- Negative IgG (with Positive IgM): Suggests very early acute infection or early IgG development; may require repeat testing
- Negative IgG (with Negative IgM): No evidence of Coxsackievirus infection; alternative diagnosis should be considered
- Rising Titers (Serial Testing): A four-fold increase between acute and convalescent samples is diagnostic of acute infection
- Factors Affecting Results: Timing of test (optimal 2-4 weeks after symptom onset), immunocompromised states may show delayed or absent response, cross-reactivity with other enteroviruses, vaccination status, and laboratory methodology variations
- Clinical Significance: IgG positivity provides epidemiologic data regarding infection prevalence; crucial in distinguishing past from acute infection when combined with IgM and clinical presentation
Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems Involved:
  - Cardiovascular system (myocarditis, pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy)
  - Central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis)
  - Pancreas (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)
  - Muscular system (myositis, rhabdomyolysis)
- Diseases Commonly Associated with Abnormal Results:
  - Acute myocarditis and fulminant myocarditis with cardiogenic shock
  - Aseptic meningitis and viral encephalitis
  - Hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina
  - Pleurodynia (epidemic myalgia)
  - Chronic fatigue syndrome and post-viral syndromes
  - Type 1 diabetes mellitus (potential triggering agent)
- Potential Complications and Risks Associated with Abnormal Results:
  - Sudden cardiac death in cases of acute fulminant myocarditis
  - Dilated cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure from repeated episodes
  - Neurologic sequelae including paralysis or permanent neurologic deficits
  - Increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and neonates
Follow-up Tests
- Confirmatory and Complementary Tests:
  - Coxsackie IgM antibody serum (to distinguish acute from past infection)
  - Viral PCR/nucleic acid testing for acute infection confirmation
  - Viral culture from respiratory or stool samples
  - Enterovirus serology panel for comprehensive enterovirus detection
- Tests Based on Clinical Presentation:
  - For suspected myocarditis: Cardiac troponin, myoglobin, electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac MRI
  - For suspected meningitis: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, CSF viral PCR, brain MRI
  - For suspected diabetes: Fasting glucose, HbA1c, islet cell antibodies
  - For suspected myositis: Creatine kinase (CK), electromyography, muscle biopsy if indicated
- Serial Testing and Monitoring:
  - Repeat serum collection 2-4 weeks after initial sample for acute infection confirmation (four-fold titer rise diagnostic)
  - For myocarditis cases: Serial cardiac biomarkers and imaging every 1-3 months during acute phase, then at 6 and 12 months
  - Long-term follow-up for chronic conditions (diabetes, cardiomyopathy) per disease-specific guidelines
- Related Diagnostic Tests:
  - Enterovirus D68 antibodies or PCR (similar clinical presentations)
  - Echovirus serology (cross-reactivity and similar infections)
  - Acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP) to assess inflammation severity
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: No - Fasting is NOT required for Coxsackie IgG antibody serum test
- Dietary Restrictions: None required; patients may eat and drink normally before the test
- Medication Considerations: No medications need to be discontinued; continue all prescribed medications as directed
- General Patient Preparation:
  - Simple blood draw procedure; arrive 5-10 minutes early for registration
  - Wear loose, comfortable clothing with easily accessible sleeves
  - Ensure adequate hydration before phlebotomy (drink water the morning of test)
  - For optimal sample collection, schedule test in morning if possible
  - Inform phlebotomist of any bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use (aspirin, warfarin, etc.)
  - No special specimen collection requirements; standard EDTA or serum separator tube used

How our test process works!