Cytomegalo Virus (CMV) - IgG
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus that can infect people of all ages. The CMV IgG test detects IgG antibodies against CMV in the blood
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🧪 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – IgG Antibody Test
🔍 What is CMV?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus that can infect people of all ages. Once infected, CMV remains dormant in the body for life and can reactivate under certain conditions like immunosuppression. It is usually harmless in healthy individuals but can be serious in pregnant women, newborns, and immunocompromised people.
🧬 What is Tested?
- The CMV IgG test detects IgG antibodies against CMV in the blood.
- Presence of IgG means past exposure or chronic/latent infection.
- It does not indicate active infection—for that, CMV IgM or PCR is required.
📋 Test Parameters
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Sample Type | Blood (serum) |
Fasting Required | ❌ Not required |
Method | ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) |
Turnaround Time | 24–48 hours |
Normal Range | Negative (< 0.9 IU/mL or per lab unit reference) |
🧠 When is it Recommended?
Clinical Scenario | Purpose |
|---|---|
Pregnancy screening | To assess risk of congenital CMV transmission |
Pre-transplant evaluation | To assess donor/recipient CMV immunity |
HIV or immunocompromised patients | To monitor risk of reactivation |
Unexplained fever or hepatitis | To rule out past CMV exposure |
🧪 Interpretation Guide
CMV IgG Result | Meaning |
|---|---|
Negative (< 0.9 IU/mL) | No prior exposure; susceptible to CMV infection |
Equivocal (0.9–1.1 IU/mL) | Borderline result; repeat testing may be needed |
Positive (> 1.1 IU/mL) | Past exposure; CMV infection occurred sometime in the past |
A positive CMV IgG and negative IgM suggest past infection, not current illness.
👶 Importance in Pregnancy
- A primary CMV infection during pregnancy can cause:
- Congenital CMV infection
- Hearing loss
- Neurodevelopmental delays
- CMV IgG avidity testing may be done to estimate timing of infection.
🔗 Associated or Follow-Up Tests
Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
CMV IgM | Detect recent/active infection |
CMV DNA PCR (Quantitative) | Measure viral load in immunocompromised patients |
CMV IgG Avidity Test | Differentiate recent vs past infection in pregnancy |
TORCH Panel | Full screening in pregnancy for common infections |
Liver Function Tests (LFT) | If CMV hepatitis is suspected |
📌 Summary
Feature | Details |
|---|---|
Test Name | CMV – IgG Antibody |
Sample Type | Blood |
Fasting Required | No |
Detected Antibody | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) |
Indicates | Past CMV infection or immunity |
Used In | Pregnancy screening, transplant, HIV |
Follow-up if Positive | Check CMV IgM or PCR if clinically relevant |
How our test process works!
