D-DIMER
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Test for fibrin degradation; elevated in deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and DIC.
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🧪 D-Dimer Test
🧾 What is D-Dimer?
D-Dimer is a fibrin degradation product — a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is broken down by fibrinolysis. It’s typically undetectable or very low in healthy individuals, but its levels rise when clot formation and breakdown occur in the body.
🎯 Purpose of the Test
The D-Dimer test is primarily used to rule out or support the diagnosis of conditions related to abnormal clot formation, such as:
Condition | Use of D-Dimer |
|---|---|
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Help rule out clot in deep veins (e.g., legs) |
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) | Exclude or support diagnosis of lung clot |
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) | Monitor clotting status in severe infections or trauma |
Stroke or TIA | Assist in evaluating possible clot-related causes |
COVID-19 complications | Monitor risk of clotting in severe cases |
🧪 Test Overview
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Sample Type | Blood (plasma, drawn via venipuncture) |
Fasting Required | ❌ Not required |
Normal Range | < 0.5 µg/mL FEU or < 500 ng/mL FEU (varies slightly by lab) |
Turnaround Time | Few hours to 24 hours |
Test Type | Quantitative (ELISA/Immunoturbidimetry) or Qualitative |
📊 Interpretation
D-Dimer Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Low or Normal (<0.5 µg/mL) | Very unlikely the person has an active clot (DVT/PE) |
Elevated (>0.5 µg/mL) | Possible clotting event – needs imaging (e.g., Doppler, CT Angio) |
Very high (>2.0–3.0 µg/mL) | May indicate severe clot burden, DIC, or significant inflammation |
⚠️ D-Dimer is not specific – it can be elevated in infections, trauma, liver disease, pregnancy, surgery, cancer, or inflammation.
👩⚕️ When is it Recommended?
- Sudden leg swelling or pain (DVT suspicion)
- Sudden chest pain or breathlessness (PE suspicion)
- Stroke workup
- ICU settings (e.g., sepsis or COVID-19 monitoring)
- Post-operative complications
- Monitoring DIC or clotting tendencies
🔗 Recommended Conjunct Tests
Test | Why |
|---|---|
Ultrasound Doppler (legs) | Confirm DVT |
CT Pulmonary Angiography | Diagnose or rule out pulmonary embolism |
PT, aPTT, INR | Evaluate coagulation status |
Fibrinogen | Check for clotting dysfunction (esp. in DIC) |
CBC (with Platelets) | Identify thrombocytopenia |
CRP or ESR | Determine if inflammation is contributing |
Ferritin, IL-6 | In severe COVID-19 or sepsis |
⚠️ Causes of False Elevation
- Pregnancy
- Recent surgery or trauma
- Infections
- Liver disease
- Malignancy
- Inflammation
Hence, a positive D-Dimer doesn’t confirm a clot, but a negative result helps rule it out.
📌 Summary
Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
Marker of | Blood clot formation and breakdown |
Used For | DVT, PE, DIC, stroke, COVID complications |
Sample Type | Plasma |
Fasting Required | No |
Key Benefit | High negative predictive value |
Not Diagnostic Alone | Needs clinical correlation + imaging |
How our test process works!
