Dengue -IgG (CLIA)
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No Fasting Required
Details
The Dengue IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the dengue virus, indicating past exposure or secondary infection.
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Dengue - IgG (CLIA) Test Information Guide
- Why is it done?
- Detects IgG antibodies against dengue virus to identify past or previous dengue infection
- Confirms immunity or previous exposure to dengue virus infection
- Differentiates between acute dengue infection (IgM positive) and past infection (IgG positive)
- Performed in patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of dengue fever presenting after the first week of illness
- Useful for epidemiological surveys and determining immune status in endemic areas
- Helps assess risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever in secondary infections
- Normal Range
- Negative Result: < 0.9 Index (Non-Reactive) Indicates no previous dengue infection or insufficient antibody levels
- Equivocal/Borderline Result: 0.9 - 1.0 Index Result is inconclusive; repeat testing recommended after 3-5 days
- Positive Result: > 1.0 Index (Reactive) Indicates past dengue infection or immunity to dengue virus
- Unit of Measurement: Index (Qualitative/Semi-quantitative)
- Interpretation
- IgG Negative (Non-Reactive): Patient has not been previously infected with dengue virus or has no detectable antibodies; susceptible to dengue infection
- IgG Positive with IgM Negative: Past dengue infection with established immunity; indicates recovery from previous dengue episode
- IgG Positive with IgM Positive: Suggests secondary dengue infection (dengue infection in previously infected individual); higher risk for severe dengue
- Factors Affecting Results: Timing of blood draw (IgG typically appears 5-10 days after symptom onset and persists for life), cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses (West Nile, Zika), recent dengue vaccination, immunocompromised status
- Clinical Significance: IgG positivity indicates past exposure and current immunity but does not distinguish between different dengue serotypes; secondary infections carry higher morbidity risk
- Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems Involved: Lymphatic and immune system; vascular system
- Dengue Fever (Primary Infection): Self-limited febrile illness with fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and rash; generally resolves within 1-2 weeks
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF): Occurs primarily with secondary infection; involves thrombocytopenia, bleeding manifestations, capillary leakage
- Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS): Severe form with plasma leakage leading to shock, organ failure, and potential mortality
- Other Associated Complications: Hepatic involvement (elevated transaminases), renal impairment, neurological complications, myocarditis, shock, and multi-organ failure in severe cases
- Follow-up Tests
- Dengue IgM (CLIA): Essential to distinguish acute dengue from past infection; appears earlier and is specific for acute infection
- Dengue RT-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Most sensitive test for acute dengue; detects viral RNA within first 5 days of illness; identifies dengue serotype
- Dengue NS1 Antigen Test: Can be positive in acute dengue during the first 9 days; useful when IgM testing is negative but clinical suspicion remains high
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Assess for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hemoconcentration; important for monitoring DHF
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Monitor hepatic involvement; elevated transaminases are common in dengue
- Coagulation Profile (PT/INR, aPTT): Assess bleeding risk in DHF; monitor for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Repeat IgG Testing: If initial result is equivocal, repeat after 3-5 days for confirmation; seroconversion indicates acute infection
- Fasting Required?
- Fasting Required: No
- Special Instructions: No specific fasting requirements; patient may eat and drink normally before blood collection
- Medications: No specific medications need to be avoided; continue current medications as prescribed
- Patient Preparation: Minimal preparation required; inform phlebotomist of current medications and medical history; ensure hydration to facilitate blood collection
- Specimen Collection Timing: Optimal timing is after day 5 of illness onset for better IgG detection; early testing may require repeat sampling after 3-5 days
How our test process works!
