Dengue -IgG (ELISA)
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No Fasting Required
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The Dengue IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the dengue virus, indicating past exposure or secondary infection.
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Dengue - IgG (ELISA) Test Guide
- Why is it done?
- Detects IgG antibodies against dengue virus, indicating past or chronic dengue infection
- Confirms dengue infection in patients with symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, rash, and joint pain
- Differentiates between primary and secondary dengue infections based on antibody levels
- Ordered during late acute phase (after 5-7 days of symptom onset) or convalescent phase of illness
- Used for screening blood donors and assessing immunity status in endemic regions
- Helps identify individuals with prior dengue exposure who may be at risk for severe dengue in future infections
- Normal Range
- Negative Result: <0.9 Index (ELISA units) or Negative - indicates no IgG antibodies detected; suggests no prior dengue infection
- Borderline/Equivocal Result: 0.9-1.1 Index (ELISA units) - requires repeat testing or confirmation with additional assays
- Positive Result: >1.1 Index (ELISA units) or Positive - indicates presence of IgG antibodies; suggests current or past dengue infection
- Units of Measurement: ELISA Index or Optical Density (OD) values; specific cutoff values may vary by laboratory and assay manufacturer
- Interpretation Context: Negative IgG suggests susceptibility to dengue; Positive IgG indicates immunity or past infection; combination with IgM helps determine timing of infection
- Interpretation
- IgG Positive + IgM Negative: Indicates past dengue infection (>2 weeks prior); patient has immunity; risk of severe dengue if exposed to different serotype
- IgG Positive + IgM Positive: Suggests secondary dengue infection or very recent primary infection; IgG appears earlier in secondary infection
- IgG Negative + IgM Negative: No evidence of dengue infection; patient is susceptible; symptoms likely due to other causes
- IgG Negative + IgM Positive: Indicates primary dengue infection in early phase; patient may need repeat IgG testing after 1-2 weeks
- Factors Affecting Results: Timing of blood draw (results more reliable after 5-7 days of illness); cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses (Zika, Yellow Fever); individual immune response variation; presence of rheumatoid factor; immunosuppression
- Clinical Significance of Patterns: High IgG titers suggest recent infection; low positive IgG may indicate remote infection; seroconversion (negative to positive) between paired sera confirms dengue; multiple simultaneous infections with different dengue serotypes possible
- Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems Involved: Immune system (antibody production); vascular endothelium; lymphatic system
- Dengue Virus Targets: Dengue replicates in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes
- Conditions Associated with Positive IgG: Dengue Fever; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF); Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS); previous dengue infection of any of four serotypes
- Potential Complications: Severe dengue in secondary infections with different serotype; hemorrhagic manifestations; thrombocytopenia; hepatic dysfunction; plasma leakage; shock; multi-organ failure
- Associated Long-term Sequelae: Persistent fatigue; neurological complications; chronic hepatic complications in severe cases
- Follow-up Tests
- Dengue IgM (ELISA) - to differentiate primary vs. secondary infection and determine timing
- Dengue Virus RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) - confirmatory test in acute phase to identify viral RNA
- Dengue NS1 Antigen - detects circulating viral antigen; positive in acute phase (first 5 days)
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) - assesses platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit for dengue hemorrhagic complications
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - evaluate hepatic involvement; assess transaminase levels
- Coagulation Profile - prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in severe dengue
- Repeat Dengue IgG after 2 weeks - confirm seroconversion in suspected primary infection with initial negative result
- Dengue Serotype Testing - determine specific serotype involved using serum or RT-PCR
- Cross-reactive Flavivirus Serology (Zika, Yellow Fever, West Nile Virus) - if results equivocal or exposure history suggests other flaviviruses
- Monitoring frequency - Weekly follow-up during acute phase; annual screening in endemic areas for population surveillance
- Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: No
- Special Dietary Restrictions: None required; patient can eat and drink normally before the test
- Medication Precautions: No medications need to be avoided; take all regular medications as prescribed
- Patient Preparation: Simple venipuncture (blood draw); no special preparation needed; inform healthcare provider of recent travel to dengue-endemic areas; mention fever onset date for accurate interpretation
- Optimal Timing: Draw blood 5-7 days after symptom onset for optimal IgG detection; earlier draws may yield false negatives; specimen can be collected at any time of day
- Specimen Handling: Serum separation required; blood collected in standard red-top tube; specimen stable at room temperature for 24 hours or refrigerated for up to 7 days
How our test process works!
