Dengue -IgG (ELISA)
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The Dengue IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the dengue virus, indicating past exposure or secondary infection.
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🧪 Dengue – IgG (ELISA) Test
📌 What is it?
Dengue IgG (ELISA) is a blood test used to detect Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the dengue virus using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technology. It indicates past exposure, secondary dengue infection, or immune response post-recovery.
🧬 What is ELISA?
ELISA is a laboratory technique that uses enzyme-linked antibodies and a color change to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a patient’s sample. It is widely used due to its high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and reliability.
🎯 Purpose of the Test
Use Case | Explanation |
|---|---|
Detect Past Dengue Infection | Confirms prior exposure or recovery |
Identify Secondary Dengue | Early appearance of IgG + IgM together suggests secondary dengue |
Epidemiological Studies | Helps in tracking seroprevalence in a population |
Vaccination/Immunity Assessment | Evaluate baseline immunity before dengue vaccination |
🕒 When is it Done?
Timeline Post Infection | Antibody Type Detected |
|---|---|
Day 0–5 | NS1 Antigen |
Day 4–7 | IgM |
Day 7+ | IgG |
🔬 Sample & Method
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Sample Required | Serum (via blood sample) |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
Method | ELISA |
Result Type | Qualitative or semi-quantitative |
Turnaround Time | 12–48 hours |
📊 Interpretation of Results
Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Negative | No prior exposure or testing done too early |
Positive (only IgG) | Past dengue infection or late stage of recovery |
Positive (IgM + IgG) | Indicates secondary infection or recent exposure in previously infected person |
🔗 Tests to be Done Alongside
Test | Why |
|---|---|
Dengue NS1 Antigen | Detect active infection in first 5 days |
Dengue IgM ELISA | Detects early-stage infection (day 4 to 10) |
CBC with Platelets | Monitor for thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration |
Liver Function Tests | Dengue may cause hepatic involvement |
CRP/ESR | Rule out other causes of fever/inflammation |
⚠️ Limitations
- May cross-react with other flaviviruses (Zika, Japanese Encephalitis).
- Cannot confirm acute dengue infection alone — IgG may persist for years.
- Timing is crucial — too early in illness = false negative.
📍 Summary
Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
Detects | IgG antibodies to Dengue virus |
Used For | Past infection, secondary dengue |
Testing Method | ELISA |
Best Time to Test | After 7 days of symptom onset |
Complementary Tests | Dengue NS1, IgM, CBC, LFT |
Fasting Required | No |
Sample Type | Serum (blood sample) |
How our test process works!
