Dengue IgG (Rapid)
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No Fasting Required
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The Dengue IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the dengue virus, indicating past exposure or secondary infection.
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Dengue IgG (Rapid) - Comprehensive Medical Test Information Guide
- Why is it done?
- Detects IgG antibodies against dengue virus, indicating past or recent dengue infection or immunity from previous dengue exposure
- Identifies individuals with prior dengue infection who may be at higher risk for severe dengue hemorrhagic fever upon re-infection
- Used for epidemiological surveillance and seroprevalence studies in dengue-endemic regions
- Assists in differentiating past dengue infection from acute infection when combined with IgM testing
- Performed weeks to months after acute infection onset and remains positive indefinitely
- Useful for screening blood and tissue donors in endemic areas to prevent transfusion-transmitted dengue
- Normal Range
- Negative Result: No detectable dengue IgG antibodies present. Indicates no prior dengue infection or immunity. Result typically expressed as 'Non-Reactive' or 'Negative'
- Positive Result: Detectable dengue IgG antibodies present. Indicates past dengue infection or immunity. Result typically expressed as 'Reactive' or 'Positive'
- Units of Measurement: Typically qualitative (Positive/Negative) on rapid tests; quantitative tests may report antibody titers or index values (optical density ratio or signal-to-cutoff ratio)
- Interpretation of Normal: Negative result suggests no prior dengue infection and no immunity. Patient may be susceptible to all dengue virus serotypes
- Interpretation of Abnormal: Positive result indicates prior dengue infection with development of long-lasting immunity. Patient has some degree of protection against reinfection
- Interpretation
- Positive IgG with Negative IgM: Indicates past dengue infection (>3 months prior). Patient has developed immunity. No current acute infection
- Positive IgG with Positive IgM: Suggests secondary dengue infection (previous dengue exposure with new infection). Indicates heightened risk for severe dengue manifestations
- Negative IgG with Positive IgM: Indicates primary acute dengue infection (early phase). First dengue exposure with active viral replication
- Negative IgG with Negative IgM: No dengue infection detected. Patient is seronegative and susceptible to dengue infection
- Cross-Reactivity Considerations: IgG antibodies from other flaviviruses (Yellow Fever, Zika, West Nile virus) may cause false positives due to antigenic similarity
- Timing of Appearance: IgG typically appears 3-7 days after symptom onset and persists for life. May be detected in paired sera (acute and convalescent) showing 4-fold rise in titers
- Sensitivity and Specificity: Rapid IgG tests typically have 75-95% sensitivity and 85-98% specificity. Sensitivity may be lower during early acute phase
- Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems Involved: Immune system (antibody production); Blood/Lymphatic system (viral replication sites); Liver (hepatomegaly common); Endothelial tissue (vascular permeability changes)
- Dengue Virus Serotypes: Four distinct serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4). IgG typically provides lifelong immunity to infecting serotype but may allow temporary cross-immunity to other serotypes
- Dengue Fever: Classic febrile illness with positive IgG confirming prior infection. Associated with fever, myalgia, rash, and mild thrombocytopenia
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF): Positive IgG with simultaneous primary infection (IgM+) indicates secondary dengue with increased risk. Characterized by hemorrhagic manifestations, thrombocytopenia, and plasma leakage
- Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS): Severe complication of DHF with circulatory failure. Positive IgG with critical illness indicates potential secondary dengue with severe manifestations
- Associated Complications: Hepatitis, myocarditis, encephalitis, thrombocytopenia, spontaneous bleeding, fluid accumulation (pleural effusion, ascites), acute kidney injury, and post-dengue fatigue syndrome
- Follow-up Tests
- Dengue IgM (Rapid or ELISA): Essential for differentiating acute from past infection. Should be performed simultaneously with IgG for complete diagnostic assessment
- RT-PCR (Dengue RNA/Viral Load): Recommended during acute phase (first 3-5 days) to detect viral RNA. Highest sensitivity during early febrile phase and may identify specific dengue serotype
- NS1 Antigen Test: Useful for acute phase diagnosis (first 3-7 days). High specificity and can be positive before IgM appears. Helpful in primary vs secondary infection assessment
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Assess platelet count and white blood cell trends. Serial monitoring helps identify progression to DHF or DSS. Hematocrit elevation indicates plasma leakage
- Liver Function Tests (AST, ALT, Bilirubin): Evaluate hepatic involvement commonly seen in dengue. Marked elevation may indicate severe dengue with hepatitis
- Dengue Serology Panel (Quantitative ELISA): Confirmatory testing with quantitative titers. Fourfold rise in paired sera (acute and convalescent) confirms dengue diagnosis
- Coagulation Profile (PT, aPTT, INR): Monitor in severe dengue to assess coagulopathy and bleeding risk
- Dengue Serotype Identification: Typing using RT-PCR or IgG ELISA for specific serotypes. Important for epidemiological tracking and understanding reinfection risk
- Monitoring Frequency for Positive Results: Initial positive IgG does not require routine repeat testing. Repeat testing only needed if acute infection suspected (combined with IgM and NS1 testing)
- Fasting Required?
- Fasting Status: NO - Fasting is not required for Dengue IgG (Rapid) testing
- Sample Type: Blood sample (serum or plasma from venipuncture). Rapid tests may also use finger-stick capillary blood or whole blood
- Collection Method: Venipuncture (preferred) into serum separator tube (SST) or lithium heparin tube. For rapid tests, may use capillary blood from finger prick. Allow adequate time for clot formation (typically 5-10 minutes for serum)
- Special Instructions: No special dietary restrictions. Patient may eat and drink normally before test. No specific preparation needed beyond standard blood draw precautions
- Medications: No medications need to be avoided or held before testing. Continue regular medications as prescribed
- Timing Considerations: Can be performed at any time of day. For best results in acute infection assessment, obtain sample 3 or more days after symptom onset (allows IgG development)
- Sample Storage: Maintain samples at room temperature (for rapid tests) or refrigerate at 2-8°C if delayed processing. Do not freeze samples unless required by laboratory. Separate serum from cells promptly
- Rapid Test Advantages: Results available within 15-30 minutes. Minimal blood required (microliters). Can be performed at point-of-care or in resource-limited settings. No laboratory equipment necessary
How our test process works!
