Dengue -IgM (ELISA)
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Detects Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies produced in response to a recent dengue virus infection
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🧪 Dengue IgM – ELISA Test
📌 **What is it?
The Dengue IgM ELISA** (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) test is used to detect Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies specific to the dengue virus in a patient’s blood. IgM antibodies are typically produced 4–5 days after the onset of symptoms and indicate a recent or current dengue infection.
This test is highly sensitive and is considered more accurate than rapid tests, especially in laboratory settings.
💡 Why IgM ELISA?
Feature | ELISA Advantage |
|---|---|
Sensitivity | High – good for low antibody concentrations |
Specificity | High – less cross-reactivity than rapid |
Timing | Best between Day 4–14 of illness |
Quantitative Results | Allows semi-quantitative interpretation |
🔬 How is it done?
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Sample Type | Blood (Serum or Plasma) |
Method | ELISA – Antigen-antibody binding detected using an enzyme reaction |
Fasting Required | ❌ Not required |
Turnaround Time | 24–48 hours |
Result | Qualitative or semi-quantitative |
📊 Result Interpretation
Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Negative | No recent dengue infection, or very early testing (< Day 4) |
Positive | Recent dengue infection; likely primary infection |
IgM + IgG Positive | Suggests secondary dengue, which may have a higher risk of complications |
🧭 When is it Done?
Days Since Infection | Ideal Test |
|---|---|
Day 0–5 | NS1 Antigen or RT-PCR |
Day 4–14 | IgM ELISA |
Day 7+ | IgG ELISA |
🧩 Other Tests to Do Alongside
Test | Why it's Important |
|---|---|
NS1 Antigen | Detects dengue viral protein in early phase (Day 0–5) |
Dengue IgG ELISA | Helps identify primary vs secondary infection |
CBC with Platelets | Monitors severity – dengue often causes low platelets |
Liver Function Tests | Dengue may cause liver inflammation or damage |
CRP or Procalcitonin | Helps rule out bacterial infections |
⚠️ Limitations
- Cannot detect very early infections (before Day 4).
- May cross-react with other flaviviruses (Zika, West Nile, Yellow fever).
- Persistence of IgM: Can remain in blood for up to 2–3 months after infection.
✅ Summary Snapshot
Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
What It Detects | Dengue-specific IgM antibodies |
Indicates | Recent or current dengue infection |
Best Testing Window | Day 4–14 after symptom onset |
Fasting Required | No |
Sample Type | Blood (Serum/Plasma) |
Method Used | ELISA |
Result Format | Positive / Negative / Index Value |
How our test process works!
