Dengue NS-1 Antigen (ELISA)
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Test for detecting dengue virus (NS1 antigen or IgM antibodies) in suspected dengue fever cases.
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🧪 Dengue NS1 Antigen – ELISA Test
📌 What is NS1 Antigen?
NS1 (Non-Structural Protein 1) is a protein secreted by the dengue virus into the bloodstream during the early phase of infection. It serves as a highly specific marker for acute dengue, especially before the immune system starts producing antibodies.
⚙️ Test Overview
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Test Name | Dengue NS1 Antigen (ELISA) |
What it Detects | NS1 antigen – early marker of dengue virus |
Technology Used | ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) |
Sample Type | Serum or Plasma |
Fasting Required | ❌ Not required |
Reporting Time | 6–24 hours |
Clinical Utility | Early detection of acute dengue infection |
🧭 When to Test
Illness Timeline | Recommended Test |
|---|---|
Day 0–5 | NS1 Antigen (ELISA or CLIA) |
Day 4–14 | IgM ELISA |
After Day 7 | IgG ELISA (Past infection) |
🧪 Interpretation of Results
Result | Meaning |
|---|---|
Positive | Likely early dengue infection (viremia phase) |
Negative | NS1 antigen not detected – either not infected or testing done too late |
🟡 Note: If negative but clinical suspicion is high, follow up with antibody testing (IgM/IgG) or PCR.
🔬 Test Advantages
- Highly specific for dengue virus (especially in primary infections)
- Detectable from Day 1 to Day 5 of illness
- ELISA is more accurate and reliable than rapid tests
🔗 Complementary Tests
Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
CBC with Platelets | Detect thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration |
Dengue IgM & IgG ELISA | For antibody detection after Day 4 |
Liver Function Test (LFT) | Monitor hepatic involvement |
Dengue PCR (if available) | Confirm infection & identify serotype |
CRP / Procalcitonin | Rule out bacterial coinfection |
⚠️ Limitations
- Not useful after Day 5–7, as NS1 levels drop
- May have reduced sensitivity in secondary dengue infections
- Should be followed by antibody testing in later stages
✅ Snapshot Table
Feature | Details |
|---|---|
Test Type | ELISA-based Antigen Detection |
Detects | NS1 protein (dengue virus marker) |
Optimal Time to Test | Day 1 to Day 5 of symptoms |
Sample Required | Serum or Plasma |
Result | Qualitative (Positive / Negative) |
Fasting Required | No |
Turnaround Time | 6–24 hours |
Sensitivity | High in primary infection (Day 1–5) |
How our test process works!
