eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
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It reflects the functioning of glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys
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🧪 What is eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)?
eGFR stands for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate — it is a calculated value that estimates how well your kidneys are filtering waste from the blood. It is derived primarily from your serum creatinine level, along with age, sex, and sometimes race.
- It reflects the functioning of glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys.
- Unlike direct GFR measurement (which is complex), eGFR is a non-invasive, convenient estimation.
❓ Why is eGFR Done?
eGFR is a primary test to assess kidney function and is used to:
- Detect early kidney disease
- Monitor chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Evaluate risk of kidney failure
- Adjust drug dosages (many medications are cleared via kidneys)
- Monitor patients with hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
📊 Normal Ranges of eGFR
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²) | Kidney Function | Stage |
|---|---|---|
≥90 | Normal (if no other kidney abnormalities) | Stage 1 |
60–89 | Mildly decreased | Stage 2 |
45–59 | Mild to moderate decrease | Stage 3a |
30–44 | Moderate to severe decrease | Stage 3b |
15–29 | Severe decrease | Stage 4 |
<15 | Kidney failure (end-stage renal disease) | Stage 5 |
🔍 A single low eGFR isn’t enough to diagnose CKD — it must be persistently low over ≥3 months.
🔢 How is eGFR Calculated?
It is commonly calculated using:
- Serum Creatinine
- Age
- Sex
- Sometimes Race (in older equations like MDRD, but newer CKD-EPI equations exclude race)
Formulas used:
- CKD-EPI (current standard)
- MDRD
- Schwartz (for children)
📈 Interpretation of Results
eGFR Level | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|
≥90 | Normal function (check for other signs of kidney disease) |
60–89 | May be normal in elderly or early CKD |
30–59 | Moderate CKD – monitor progression & manage risk |
15–29 | Severe CKD – prepare for dialysis or transplant |
<15 | Kidney failure – usually requires dialysis or transplant |
🧠 Associated Organs and Conditions
Organ | Relevance |
|---|---|
Kidneys (glomeruli) | Direct site of filtration |
Heart | CKD increases cardiovascular risk |
Pancreas | Diabetes is a leading cause of CKD |
Blood vessels | Hypertension contributes to glomerular damage |
🧪 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Serum Creatinine
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR)
- 24-hour Urine Protein
- Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, Ca, P)
- Cystatin C – more accurate kidney marker in some cases
- Renal Ultrasound or Imaging
- Blood Pressure Monitoring
- HbA1c (for diabetic patients)
📝 Summary
Parameter | Summary |
|---|---|
What | eGFR estimates how well kidneys filter blood (glomerular function) |
Why | For early detection, staging, and monitoring of kidney disease |
Normal Range | ≥90 mL/min/1.73m² |
Low Values | Indicate reduced kidney function — staged CKD (1 to 5) |
High Values | Typically not concerning (unless falsely elevated) |
Follow-up | Creatinine, urine ACR, imaging, nephrologist referral if progressive decline |
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