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FDP (Fibrin degradation products)

Blood
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Report in 48Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Measures fibrin breakdown.

₹1,820₹2,601

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FDP (Fibrin Degradation Products) Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Measures fragments produced when fibrin clots are broken down by the body's fibrinolytic system
    • Detects excessive fibrin degradation indicating abnormal blood clotting or thrombosis
    • Ordered to diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) when patients present with bleeding, clotting, or shock
    • Investigates suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)
    • Monitors patients with severe infections, sepsis, liver disease, or malignancy
    • Evaluates hemorrhagic complications in pregnancy and obstetric emergencies
    • Performed urgently when acute thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications are suspected
  • Normal Range
    • Normal FDP level: Less than 10 μg/mL
    • Reference range may vary by laboratory; typically: <5-10 μg/mL
    • Units of measurement: Micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL)
    • Normal Result: Negative or values <10 μg/mL indicate minimal fibrin breakdown and normal hemostasis
    • Abnormal Result: Elevated levels (>10 μg/mL) indicate excessive fibrin formation and breakdown, suggesting pathologic thrombosis or fibrinolysis
    • Borderline Values: 10-40 μg/mL may suggest early or mild fibrinolysis; values >40 μg/mL strongly suggest DIC or severe thrombotic disease
  • Interpretation
    • Markedly Elevated FDP (>40 μg/mL): Highly suggestive of DIC, characterized by simultaneous widespread thrombosis and bleeding; patient may present with hemorrhage from multiple sites
    • Mildly to Moderately Elevated FDP (10-40 μg/mL): May indicate acute thrombotic events (DVT, PE), severe infections, liver cirrhosis, or early-stage DIC requiring clinical correlation
    • Normal FDP (<10 μg/mL): Effectively excludes DIC and significant thrombosis; normal hemostatic balance maintained
    • Factors Affecting Results:
    • • Recent surgery or trauma increases FDP due to tissue damage and clot formation • Thrombolytic therapy (streptokinase, tPA) elevates FDP as clots are dissolved • Severe liver disease impairs fibrinogen synthesis and clearance, affecting FDP levels • Sepsis and inflammatory states activate coagulation cascade • Malignancies activate tissue factor-mediated coagulation • Pregnancy and preeclampsia may show elevated FDP • Antiplasmin deficiency or abnormalities affect fibrinolysis rate
    • Clinical Significance: FDP serves as a marker of abnormal coagulation but lacks specificity; must be interpreted with other coagulation tests (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, platelet count, D-dimer) to establish accurate diagnosis
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ Systems Involved:
    • • Blood vessels (vascular endothelium) • Liver (synthesis of coagulation factors and fibrinogen metabolism) • Heart (in thrombotic disease) • Lungs (pulmonary embolism complications) • Brain (stroke risk)
    • Medical Conditions Associated with Abnormal Results:
    • • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - most critical condition • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) • Pulmonary embolism (PE) • Acute stroke or cerebrovascular accident • Sepsis and severe infection • Acute leukemia • Severe liver disease and cirrhosis • Traumatic injury and burns • Obstetric emergencies (placental abruption, amniotic fluid embolism) • Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions • Prolonged shock or hypotension
    • Potential Complications of Abnormal Results:
    • • Uncontrolled bleeding (in DIC or with excessive fibrinolysis) • Organ ischemia and multi-organ failure due to microvascular thrombosis • Acute renal failure from glomerular capillary thrombosis • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from pulmonary capillary damage • Intracranial hemorrhage • Myocardial infarction • Shock and cardiovascular collapse
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Recommended Additional Tests if FDP Elevated:
    • • D-dimer (more specific for thrombosis; parallels FDP elevation) • Prothrombin time (PT) - assesses extrinsic pathway • Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) - assesses intrinsic pathway • Fibrinogen level - directly measured; decreased in DIC • Platelet count - thrombocytopenia common in DIC • Bleeding time - assesses platelet function
    • Further Investigations Based on Clinical Suspicion:
    • • CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) - for suspected PE • Compression ultrasound or venography - for suspected DVT • Blood cultures - if sepsis suspected • Liver function tests - if hepatic disease contributing • Thrombin time - assesses final stage of coagulation • Peripheral blood smear - assess red cell morphology in hemolysis
    • Monitoring Frequency:
    • • For acute DIC: Repeat FDP every 4-6 hours or as clinically indicated • For monitoring thrombolytic therapy: Serial measurements daily during treatment • For chronic conditions (liver disease): Regular monitoring (weekly to monthly depending on stability) • For post-thrombotic event surveillance: Follow-up at 24-48 hours, then as clinical status changes
    • Complementary Tests:
    • • DIC scoring systems (ISTH-DIC score) combining multiple coagulation parameters • Factor assays (Factor V, VIII) - affected in DIC • Antithrombin III level - consumed in DIC • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) - elevated in hemolysis or tissue damage
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: No
    • Fasting is not required for FDP testing; patient may eat and drink normally before the test
    • Special Instructions:
    • • Proper venipuncture technique is critical - avoid hemolysis which may falsely elevate results • Blood sample must be collected in appropriate citrated tube (usually 3.2% sodium citrate) • Maintain proper blood-to-anticoagulant ratio (typically 9:1) • Process sample promptly to laboratory (within 30 minutes ideal) • Avoid prolonged tourniquet application before drawing blood
    • Medications to Avoid:
    • • No specific medications must be stopped before FDP testing • However, note that anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) and antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) may lower FDP if treating underlying thrombosis • Thrombolytic medications actively elevate FDP during treatment • Inform phlebotomist of all current medications for proper result interpretation
    • Other Patient Preparation:
    • • Remain seated or lying down for 5 minutes before phlebotomy to ensure stability • Inform healthcare provider of recent surgery, trauma, or anticoagulation therapy • Report any symptoms of bleeding or clotting (bruising, swelling, chest pain, shortness of breath) • FDP test is often urgent and may be performed at any time regardless of time of day or food intake

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