Fibrinogen

Blood

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No Fasting Required

Details

Soluble glycoprotein produced by the liver that plays a central role in blood clot formation.Increasing in response to inflammation, infection, or tissue injury.

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Fibrinogen Test Information Guide

Why is it done?
- Measures the level of fibrinogen, a protein produced by the liver that plays a critical role in blood clotting and wound healing
- Assess bleeding and clotting disorders, including unexplained bleeding, easy bruising, or prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery
- Evaluate patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a serious condition where blood clots form throughout the body
- Monitor liver function, as the liver produces fibrinogen and abnormal levels may indicate liver disease
- Assess cardiovascular disease risk, as elevated fibrinogen is associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke
- Evaluate abnormal bleeding during surgical procedures or after trauma
- Typically performed as part of a coagulation panel or when specific bleeding/clotting concerns are identified
Normal Range
- Reference Range: 200-400 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) or 2.0-4.0 g/L (grams per liter)
- Normal Result: Fibrinogen levels within the normal range indicate adequate clotting ability and proper liver function. Normal levels suggest a reduced risk of bleeding complications.
- Low Fibrinogen (<200 mg/dL): May indicate increased bleeding risk, liver disease, DIC, or inherited fibrinogen deficiency
- High Fibrinogen (>400 mg/dL): May indicate increased risk of thrombosis (blood clots), inflammation, acute phase response to infection or stress, or cardiovascular disease risk
- Units of Measurement: mg/dL or g/L (both represent the concentration of fibrinogen in blood)
- Important Note: Reference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories depending on methodology and population studied
Interpretation
- Low Fibrinogen Levels (<100 mg/dL - Severe):
  - Significant bleeding risk; may require fibrinogen replacement
  - Associated with DIC, liver cirrhosis, congenital afibrinogenemia, or antifibrinolytic therapy
- Mildly Low Fibrinogen (100-200 mg/dL):
  - Increased bleeding risk, particularly with trauma or surgery
  - May indicate mild liver dysfunction or consumption from prolonged bleeding
- Elevated Fibrinogen Levels (>400 mg/dL):
  - Increases blood viscosity and clotting tendency; elevated risk for thrombosis
  - Associated with acute inflammation, infection, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular disease
  - Can be associated with smoking, obesity, diabetes, and chronic inflammatory conditions
- Factors Affecting Fibrinogen Levels:
  - Pregnancy: Levels naturally increase during pregnancy
  - Smoking: Increases fibrinogen levels
  - Oral Contraceptives: May increase fibrinogen levels
  - Estrogen Therapy: Can elevate levels
  - Age: May increase slightly with age
  - Inflammation and Infection: Acute phase proteins increase fibrinogen as part of stress response
Associated Organs
- Primary Organ System:
  - Liver: Primary site of fibrinogen synthesis; liver disease directly affects fibrinogen production
  - Blood/Hemostatic System: Fibrinogen is a critical factor in blood clotting cascade
- Conditions Associated with Abnormal Fibrinogen:
  - Liver Disease: Cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure cause low fibrinogen
  - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Life-threatening condition with dangerously low fibrinogen
  - Inherited Fibrinogen Deficiencies: Afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia
  - Cardiovascular Disease: High fibrinogen increases risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke
  - Thrombotic Disorders: Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism associated with elevated fibrinogen
  - Acute Infection/Inflammation: Sepsis, pneumonia, acute phase response increases fibrinogen
  - Cancer: Elevated fibrinogen common in malignancies
- Potential Complications:
  - Low fibrinogen: Excessive bleeding, hemorrhage, transfusion requirements
  - High fibrinogen: Thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, organ damage from clotting
Follow-up Tests
- If Low Fibrinogen (<200 mg/dL):
  - Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) to assess overall clotting function
  - Thrombin Time (TT) to evaluate fibrin formation
  - Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) and D-dimer to assess for DIC
  - Liver Function Tests (AST, ALT, bilirubin, albumin) to evaluate hepatic function
  - Platelet count and peripheral blood smear
- If High Fibrinogen (>400 mg/dL):
  - C-Reactive Protein (CRP) to assess for inflammation
  - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) to assess for inflammatory conditions
  - Lipid Panel and metabolic markers for cardiovascular risk assessment
  - Troponin and BNP if myocardial infarction or heart failure suspected
  - Blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C to assess for diabetes
- Imaging and Additional Testing:
  - Ultrasound of the liver if liver disease suspected
  - ECG and stress testing for cardiovascular evaluation
  - CT scan if thrombosis or malignancy suspected
- Monitoring Frequency:
  - DIC patients: Repeat fibrinogen testing every 6-24 hours initially during acute phase
  - Liver disease monitoring: Periodic testing as recommended by hepatologist, typically monthly to quarterly
  - Cardiovascular risk patients: Annual or biennial testing as part of cardiovascular risk assessment
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: No
- Special Preparations Required:
  - No fasting is necessary for fibrinogen testing; blood can be drawn at any time of day
  - No dietary restrictions apply to this test
- Medications:
  - Continue taking all regularly prescribed medications unless specifically instructed otherwise
  - Anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) and antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) should not be stopped unless directed by physician, as they may affect results
  - Inform the laboratory of all current medications as some may influence fibrinogen levels
- General Patient Preparation:
  - Standard venipuncture; no special preparation beyond routine blood draw
  - Inform phlebotomist of any difficulty with needle puncture or tendency to bruise easily
  - Blood should be drawn into proper collection tubes with citrate (usually light blue-top tube)
  - Sample should be processed and tested within appropriate timeframe (typically within 4 hours) to ensure accuracy

How our test process works!