Fibrinogen
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Soluble glycoprotein produced by the liver that plays a central role in blood clot formation.Increasing in response to inflammation, infection, or tissue injury.
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🧪 What is Fibrinogen?
Fibrinogen (also known as Factor I) is a soluble glycoprotein produced by the liver that plays a central role in blood clot formation. During coagulation, fibrinogen is converted by thrombin into fibrin, which forms the meshwork that stabilizes blood clots.
- It also acts as an acute-phase reactant, increasing in response to inflammation, infection, or tissue injury.
❓ Why is the Fibrinogen Test Done?
To:
- Evaluate bleeding or clotting disorders
- Diagnose or monitor disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Assess liver function and synthetic capacity
- Evaluate inflammatory status
- Monitor cardiovascular risk (high fibrinogen = increased thrombosis risk)
- Guide perioperative coagulation management
📊 Normal Range
Group | Normal Fibrinogen Level |
|---|---|
Adults | 200 – 400 mg/dL (2.0 – 4.0 g/L) |
Children | Similar to adults |
Pregnancy (late) | Up to 600 mg/dL may be normal |
🔍 Values may vary slightly depending on lab and method used (Clauss method is standard).
📈 Interpretation of Fibrinogen Levels
Level | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|
🔻 Low Fibrinogen (<150 mg/dL) | - DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) |
✅ Normal (200–400 mg/dL) | Normal coagulation function |
🔺 High Fibrinogen (>400 mg/dL) | - Inflammation or infection (acute phase response) |
🧠 Associated Organs and Conditions
Organ/System | Relevance |
|---|---|
Liver | Produces fibrinogen; liver disease can lower levels |
Coagulation system | Fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin (clot) |
Immune/Inflammatory system | Elevated in systemic inflammation (e.g., sepsis, autoimmune diseases) |
Vascular system | Elevated fibrinogen increases blood viscosity and thrombosis risk |
🩺 Associated Conditions
Low Fibrinogen (Hypofibrinogenemia):
- DIC
- Liver failure
- Congenital fibrinogen deficiency
- Advanced malignancy
- Snake bite (some toxins degrade fibrinogen)
High Fibrinogen:
- Cardiovascular disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus
- Pregnancy
- Metabolic syndrome or diabetes
- Acute infections
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- PT (Prothrombin Time) – For extrinsic pathway evaluation
- aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) – For intrinsic pathway
- Thrombin Time (TT) – Specifically prolonged in low fibrinogen
- D-Dimer – For fibrinolysis and clot degradation
- CRP and ESR – Inflammatory markers often elevated with fibrinogen
- Liver Function Tests – To assess synthesis in liver disease
- Fibrinogen activity vs antigen tests – To distinguish qualitative from quantitative defects
📝 Updated Key Summary
Parameter | Summary |
|---|---|
What | Fibrinogen is a liver-produced clotting protein critical for forming fibrin clots |
Why test | To evaluate bleeding/clotting risk, inflammation, liver function, or DIC |
Normal Range | 200–400 mg/dL (may be higher in pregnancy or inflammation) |
Low Levels | DIC, liver disease, inherited deficiency, severe bleeding |
High Levels | Inflammation, infection, cardiovascular risk, malignancy |
Fasting Required | ❌ No (unless bundled with other tests requiring fasting) |
Follow-up Tests | PT, aPTT, D-Dimer, CRP, ESR, Liver Panel |
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