Fibrinogen

Unit Test

Report in 16Hrs

At Home

No Fasting Required

Details

Soluble glycoprotein produced by the liver that plays a central role in blood clot formation.Increasing in response to inflammation, infection, or tissue injury.

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Fibrinogen Test Information Guide

Fibrinogen
- Why is it done?
  - Measures the level of fibrinogen, a protein produced by the liver that plays a critical role in blood clotting and wound healing
  - Assess bleeding and clotting disorders, including unexplained bleeding, easy bruising, or prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery
  - Evaluate patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a serious condition where blood clots form throughout the body
  - Monitor liver function, as the liver produces fibrinogen and abnormal levels may indicate liver disease
  - Assess cardiovascular disease risk, as elevated fibrinogen is associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke
  - Evaluate abnormal bleeding during surgical procedures or after trauma
  - Typically performed as part of a coagulation panel or when specific bleeding/clotting concerns are identified
- Normal Range
  - Reference Range: 200-400 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) or 2.0-4.0 g/L (grams per liter)
  - Normal Result: Fibrinogen levels within the normal range indicate adequate clotting ability and proper liver function. Normal levels suggest a reduced risk of bleeding complications.
  - Low Fibrinogen (<200 mg/dL): May indicate increased bleeding risk, liver disease, DIC, or inherited fibrinogen deficiency
  - High Fibrinogen (>400 mg/dL): May indicate increased risk of thrombosis (blood clots), inflammation, acute phase response to infection or stress, or cardiovascular disease risk
  - Units of Measurement: mg/dL or g/L (both represent the concentration of fibrinogen in blood)
  - Important Note: Reference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories depending on methodology and population studied
- Interpretation
  - Low Fibrinogen Levels (<100 mg/dL - Severe):
    - Significant bleeding risk; may require fibrinogen replacement
    - Associated with DIC, liver cirrhosis, congenital afibrinogenemia, or antifibrinolytic therapy
  - Mildly Low Fibrinogen (100-200 mg/dL):
    - Increased bleeding risk, particularly with trauma or surgery
    - May indicate mild liver dysfunction or consumption from prolonged bleeding
  - Elevated Fibrinogen Levels (>400 mg/dL):
    - Increases blood viscosity and clotting tendency; elevated risk for thrombosis
    - Associated with acute inflammation, infection, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular disease
    - Can be associated with smoking, obesity, diabetes, and chronic inflammatory conditions
  - Factors Affecting Fibrinogen Levels:
    - Pregnancy: Levels naturally increase during pregnancy
    - Smoking: Increases fibrinogen levels
    - Oral Contraceptives: May increase fibrinogen levels
    - Estrogen Therapy: Can elevate levels
    - Age: May increase slightly with age
    - Inflammation and Infection: Acute phase proteins increase fibrinogen as part of stress response
- Associated Organs
  - Primary Organ System:
    - Liver: Primary site of fibrinogen synthesis; liver disease directly affects fibrinogen production
    - Blood/Hemostatic System: Fibrinogen is a critical factor in blood clotting cascade
  - Conditions Associated with Abnormal Fibrinogen:
    - Liver Disease: Cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure cause low fibrinogen
    - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Life-threatening condition with dangerously low fibrinogen
    - Inherited Fibrinogen Deficiencies: Afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia
    - Cardiovascular Disease: High fibrinogen increases risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke
    - Thrombotic Disorders: Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism associated with elevated fibrinogen
    - Acute Infection/Inflammation: Sepsis, pneumonia, acute phase response increases fibrinogen
    - Cancer: Elevated fibrinogen common in malignancies
  - Potential Complications:
    - Low fibrinogen: Excessive bleeding, hemorrhage, transfusion requirements
    - High fibrinogen: Thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, organ damage from clotting
- Follow-up Tests
  - If Low Fibrinogen (<200 mg/dL):
    - Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) to assess overall clotting function
    - Thrombin Time (TT) to evaluate fibrin formation
    - Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) and D-dimer to assess for DIC
    - Liver Function Tests (AST, ALT, bilirubin, albumin) to evaluate hepatic function
    - Platelet count and peripheral blood smear
  - If High Fibrinogen (>400 mg/dL):
    - C-Reactive Protein (CRP) to assess for inflammation
    - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) to assess for inflammatory conditions
    - Lipid Panel and metabolic markers for cardiovascular risk assessment
    - Troponin and BNP if myocardial infarction or heart failure suspected
    - Blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C to assess for diabetes
  - Imaging and Additional Testing:
    - Ultrasound of the liver if liver disease suspected
    - ECG and stress testing for cardiovascular evaluation
    - CT scan if thrombosis or malignancy suspected
  - Monitoring Frequency:
    - DIC patients: Repeat fibrinogen testing every 6-24 hours initially during acute phase
    - Liver disease monitoring: Periodic testing as recommended by hepatologist, typically monthly to quarterly
    - Cardiovascular risk patients: Annual or biennial testing as part of cardiovascular risk assessment
- Fasting Required?
  - Fasting Requirement: No
  - Special Preparations Required:
    - No fasting is necessary for fibrinogen testing; blood can be drawn at any time of day
    - No dietary restrictions apply to this test
  - Medications:
    - Continue taking all regularly prescribed medications unless specifically instructed otherwise
    - Anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) and antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) should not be stopped unless directed by physician, as they may affect results
    - Inform the laboratory of all current medications as some may influence fibrinogen levels
  - General Patient Preparation:
    - Standard venipuncture; no special preparation beyond routine blood draw
    - Inform phlebotomist of any difficulty with needle puncture or tendency to bruise easily
    - Blood should be drawn into proper collection tubes with citrate (usually light blue-top tube)
    - Sample should be processed and tested within appropriate timeframe (typically within 4 hours) to ensure accuracy

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