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FSH, LH & Prolactin

Reproductive
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No Fasting Required

Details

Measures prolactin hormone to evaluate pituitary tumors, infertility, or galactorrhea.

₹449₹1,500

70% OFF

FSH, LH & Prolactin Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Measures three key reproductive hormones produced by the pituitary gland: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Prolactin
    • Evaluates infertility and reproductive disorders in both men and women
    • Assesses menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, or abnormal bleeding patterns
    • Investigates erectile dysfunction, low libido, or decreased sperm production in men
    • Diagnoses pituitary gland disorders and hormonal imbalances
    • Evaluates inappropriate lactation, breast discharge, or suspected prolactinoma
    • Monitors hormone levels during fertility treatment or assisted reproductive procedures
    • Typically performed during early follicular phase (days 2-5) of menstrual cycle in women for standardized results
  • Normal Range
    • FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): mIU/mL • Women (follicular phase): 3.5-12.5 mIU/mL • Women (ovulation phase): 4.7-21.5 mIU/mL • Women (luteal phase): 1.7-7.7 mIU/mL • Postmenopausal women: 25.8-134.8 mIU/mL • Men: 1.6-8.0 mIU/mL
    • LH (Luteinizing Hormone): mIU/mL • Women (follicular phase): 1.7-8.6 mIU/mL • Women (ovulation phase): 8.6-86.5 mIU/mL • Women (luteal phase): 0.6-16.3 mIU/mL • Postmenopausal women: 7.7-58.5 mIU/mL • Men: 1.0-8.3 mIU/mL
    • Prolactin: ng/mL • Non-pregnant women: 2.5-29.0 ng/mL • Pregnant women: 10.0-209.0 ng/mL • Men: 3.0-13.0 ng/mL
    • Reference ranges may vary between laboratories; always refer to your laboratory's specific reference values
    • Normal results indicate adequate pituitary function and balanced reproductive hormone levels
    • Low values suggest insufficient hormone production; high values indicate excessive production or pituitary dysfunction
    • FSH and LH ratios and relationships are clinically significant; abnormal patterns may indicate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or other reproductive disorders
  • Interpretation
    • Elevated FSH: May indicate ovarian failure, premature ovarian insufficiency, menopause, gonadal dysfunction in men, or poor egg quality in women
    • Low FSH: Suggests hypogonadism, pituitary insufficiency, hypothalamic disorders, or excessive testosterone suppression
    • Elevated LH: May indicate PCOS (often with elevated LH:FSH ratio), ovarian failure, gonadal dysfunction, or absence of ovulation
    • Low LH: Suggests hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction, or hyperprolactinemia
    • Elevated Prolactin: May indicate prolactinoma (pituitary adenoma), pituitary stalk compression, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, or medication side effects; causes anovulation and infertility
    • Low Prolactin: Rare; may suggest pituitary insufficiency or dopamine agonist medication use
    • FSH:LH Ratio: Normal ratio in women is approximately 1-3; elevated ratio (>3:1) may indicate PCOS
    • Factors affecting results: stress, obesity, exercise, medications (dopamine antagonists, anti-seizure drugs, opioids), thyroid disorders, sleep patterns, and time of day (hormones show circadian rhythm)
    • Multiple blood draws may be necessary to establish accurate patterns, particularly in women with menstrual cycle variations
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organs:
      • Anterior pituitary gland (produces FSH, LH, and prolactin)
      • Hypothalamus (regulates pituitary hormone release via GnRH and dopamine)
      • Ovaries (in women - respond to FSH and LH)
      • Testes (in men - respond to FSH and LH)
      • Breast tissue (target for prolactin action)
    • Associated Conditions with Abnormal Results:
      • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
      • Prolactinoma (prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor)
      • Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause
      • Hypogonadism (primary and secondary)
      • Pituitary insufficiency and hypopituitarism
      • Amenorrhea (primary and secondary)
      • Infertility and reduced fertility
      • Hypothyroidism (can elevate prolactin)
      • Chronic kidney disease
      • Anovulation and irregular ovulation
      • Erectile dysfunction and reduced libido in men
    • Potential Complications of Abnormal Levels:
      • Infertility and reduced pregnancy chances
      • Galactorrhea (inappropriate breast discharge) from elevated prolactin
      • Decreased bone density and increased osteoporosis risk from hypogonadism
      • Pituitary tumor expansion (if prolactinoma) leading to visual disturbances or headaches
      • Delayed or absent puberty in adolescents
      • Vaginal dryness and reduced sexual function
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Additional Tests Based on Abnormal Results:
      • Estradiol and progesterone levels - assess ovarian function and menstrual cycle status
      • Testosterone and DHEA-S - evaluate androgen excess, particularly in PCOS
      • TSH and free T4 - screen for thyroid disorder that may cause abnormal hormone levels
      • Pituitary MRI - if elevated or significantly abnormal prolactin to exclude prolactinoma
      • Pelvic ultrasound - assess ovarian morphology, particularly for PCOS diagnosis
      • Semen analysis - evaluate male reproductive potential if low FSH/LH in men
      • 17-hydroxyprogesterone - screen for congenital adrenal hyperplasia if virilization present
      • Insulin and glucose levels - if PCOS suspected to assess insulin resistance
      • Cortisol and ACTH - evaluate for pituitary or adrenal disorders
      • Renal function tests - if concerned about kidney disease affecting prolactin
    • Monitoring Recommendations:
      • Fertility treatment: repeat testing at regular intervals during cycle monitoring (typically every 2-3 days)
      • Prolactinoma treatment: monitor prolactin levels every 3-6 months during dopamine agonist therapy
      • PCOS management: periodic reassessment as hormonal patterns may change with weight loss or treatment
      • Hypogonadism treatment: monitor testosterone replacement therapy effects with periodic FSH/LH measurement
      • Hormone replacement therapy: baseline and follow-up testing to assess adequacy of dosing
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Status: No - fasting is NOT required for FSH, LH, and prolactin testing
    • Patient Preparation:
      • Blood draw should ideally be performed in the morning (8-10 AM) before 10 AM when hormone levels are more stable
      • Patient should rest for 15-30 minutes before blood draw to reduce stress-related hormone fluctuations
      • For women, specify cycle day (days 2-5 of menstrual cycle preferred for baseline assessment) to laboratory
      • Avoid strenuous exercise or stress for 24 hours before test as these can elevate FSH, LH, and prolactin
      • Avoid breast stimulation or suckling 24 hours before test as this increases prolactin levels
      • Adequate sleep the night before is recommended to prevent stress-related hormonal elevation
      • Continue regular diet and hydration unless otherwise instructed
    • Medications to Review:
      • Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline) and dopamine antagonists (metoclopramide, antipsychotics) significantly affect prolactin; report to healthcare provider
      • Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy affect FSH and LH levels; may need to discontinue 1-3 months before testing
      • Opioids and anti-seizure medications can alter hormone levels
      • Antidepressants and anxiolytics may influence prolactin and other hormone levels
      • Do NOT stop medications without consulting healthcare provider; discuss which medications to continue or hold

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