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Gliadin IgA Antibodies

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Report in 168Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

Detects antibodies to gliadin.

₹2,390₹3,415

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Gliadin IgA Antibodies Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Measures IgA antibodies produced against gliadin, a protein component of gluten found in wheat, barley, and rye
    • Screens for celiac disease, the most common autoimmune response to gluten ingestion
    • Evaluates patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and malabsorption
    • Investigates non-gastrointestinal symptoms including dermatitis herpetiformis, anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological manifestations
    • Part of initial celiac disease screening panel, typically ordered alongside tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodies
    • Identifies patients with IgA deficiency who may require alternative testing methods
    • Performed when patients remain on a gluten-containing diet to ensure test sensitivity and validity
  • Normal Range
    • Reference Range: Less than 20 U/mL or less than 1.0 arbitrary units (AU/mL) depending on laboratory methodology
    • Units of Measurement: U/mL (Units per milliliter) or AU/mL (Arbitrary Units per milliliter)
    • Negative Result: Values within the reference range indicate no detectable gliadin IgA antibodies; celiac disease is unlikely but not completely ruled out, particularly in seronegative celiac disease cases
    • Positive Result: Values exceeding the upper reference limit indicate presence of gliadin IgA antibodies; suggests immune response to gluten and supports celiac disease diagnosis
    • Borderline/Equivocal Results: Results in the gray zone (typically 20-30 U/mL) may require repeat testing or additional serological testing with tTG-IgA or endomysial antibodies
    • Normal ranges vary by laboratory; always consult the specific reference range provided with test results
  • Interpretation
    • Highly Positive Results (>100 U/mL): Strong evidence of active celiac disease; high likelihood of mucosal damage; recommend proceeding to endoscopic small bowel biopsy for confirmation
    • Moderately Positive Results (20-100 U/mL): Consistent with celiac disease; should be confirmed with additional serological testing and consider endoscopy with biopsy
    • Negative Results with Clinical Suspicion: Seronegative celiac disease may be present; recommend testing with total IgA level and tTG-IgA antibodies; consider endoscopic evaluation if clinical suspicion remains high
    • Important Testing Considerations: Test should be performed while patient is consuming a gluten-containing diet; antibody levels decrease significantly within weeks of gluten elimination
    • IgA Deficiency Impact: Patients with selective IgA deficiency (present in up to 2.5% of celiac patients) may have false-negative gliadin IgA results; total IgA testing recommended as part of screening panel
    • Specificity and Sensitivity: Gliadin IgA has approximately 85-90% sensitivity and 95-98% specificity for celiac disease; tTG-IgA antibodies are now preferred for initial screening due to superior sensitivity and specificity
    • Factors Affecting Results: Duration on gluten-free diet, IgA deficiency, non-adherence to gluten diet, and laboratory methodology variations
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) where gluten-induced mucosal damage occurs
    • Associated Autoimmune Conditions: Celiac disease (autoimmune enteropathy), dermatitis herpetiformis (gluten-sensitive skin disorder), ataxia, and other gluten-sensitive conditions
    • Gastrointestinal Manifestations: Chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty stools), abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, villous atrophy, and malabsorption syndrome
    • Associated Secondary Complications: Iron deficiency anemia, B12 and folate deficiency, osteoporosis, dental enamel defects, and nutritional insufficiencies
    • Neurological Manifestations: Gluten ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, and other central nervous system complications
    • Associated Endocrine Disorders: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, and hypoparathyroidism
    • Dermatological Manifestations: Dermatitis herpetiformis (intensely pruritic blistering rash), alopecia areata, and psoriasis
    • Long-term Complications if Untreated: Increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies (lymphomas, adenocarcinomas), increased mortality from various causes, and severely compromised quality of life
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Confirmatory Serological Testing: Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodies (gold standard for serology), endomysial antibodies (EMA) IgA, and total serum IgA level
    • Diagnostic Confirmation: Upper endoscopy with small bowel biopsy (duodenum) to assess for villous atrophy and confirm histopathological findings; considered gold standard for celiac disease diagnosis
    • If IgA Deficiency Detected: Gliadin IgG antibodies, tTG-IgG antibodies, and endomysial IgG antibodies as alternative testing
    • Nutritional Assessment: Complete blood count, iron studies (ferritin, serum iron, TIBC), B12 and folate levels, vitamin D and calcium levels, tissue mineral density (DEXA scan)
    • Associated Condition Screening: Thyroid function tests (TSH, anti-TPO antibodies), type 1 diabetes screening (fasting glucose, HbA1c), and tissue transglutaminase 6 (TG6) for neurological manifestations
    • Family Screening: First-degree relatives should be screened with serology even if asymptomatic; celiac disease has strong genetic predisposition
    • Monitoring on Gluten-Free Diet: Repeat serology at 1-2 years to assess dietary adherence; antibody levels should normalize with strict gluten-free diet
    • HLA Typing: HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 testing may be performed; negative result can effectively rule out celiac disease due to high sensitivity
    • Dermatitis Herpetiformis Evaluation: Skin biopsy with immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate IgA deposition along dermoepidermal junction
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: No
    • Fasting is not required for this test; food and beverage intake do not affect antibody measurement
    • Critical Dietary Requirement: Patient MUST continue consuming gluten-containing foods and beverages for at least 2-4 weeks prior to testing; eliminating gluten significantly reduces antibody production and may produce false-negative results
    • Patient Preparation: No special preparation needed; routine venipuncture for blood collection
    • Medications: No medications need to be avoided prior to testing; medications do not interfere with antibody testing
    • Timing Considerations: Test can be performed at any time of day; no optimal time window required
    • Important Note - Test Validity: If patient has already begun a gluten-free diet, inform healthcare provider before testing; test may be invalid and repeat testing may be needed after dietary challenge (gluten reintroduction under medical supervision)

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