Glucose Challenge Test (2hours after 75gm Glucose load)
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Measures blood sugar levels to diagnose diabetes
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🧪 What is the Glucose Challenge Test (2-hour post 75g glucose load)?
This test is a single-step oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) used to screen or diagnose diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
It involves measuring blood glucose levels 2 hours after consuming a 75-gram glucose drink.
This is distinct from the Glucose Tolerance Test with multiple readings, as this version takes only the 2-hour post-load value.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Diagnose type 2 diabetes or prediabetes
- Screen for gestational diabetes (especially in pregnant women)
- Evaluate glucose intolerance
- Assess post-prandial glucose handling
📊 Normal Values (2-hour after 75g Glucose)
Patient Type | Glucose (mg/dL) | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
General population | < 140 mg/dL | Normal glucose tolerance |
140–199 mg/dL | Impaired glucose tolerance (Prediabetes) | |
≥ 200 mg/dL | Diabetes mellitus (confirmed with repeat testing) | |
Pregnant (GDM screening) | ≥ 140 mg/dL | Suggestive of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) |
🌐 In India, the DIPSI guideline recommends 2-hour 75g glucose test without fasting for GDM screening.
📈 Interpretation of Results
Result | Meaning |
|---|---|
<140 mg/dL | Normal |
140–199 mg/dL | Impaired Glucose Tolerance (Prediabetes) |
≥ 200 mg/dL | Diagnostic of Diabetes (if confirmed) |
Pregnant woman ≥ 140 mg/dL | Suggestive of GDM (Gestational Diabetes) |
🧠 Associated Organs and Conditions
System | Related Conditions |
|---|---|
Endocrine / Pancreas | - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
Placenta (in pregnancy) | - Gestational diabetes-related hormonal interference |
Liver / Adipose | - Glucose metabolism disorders, fatty liver, obesity |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
- HbA1c – Reflects 3-month average glucose
- Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)
- Insulin & C-peptide levels – Evaluate insulin production
- Urine glucose & ketone test – Especially in pregnancy
- Lipid profile – Often abnormal in insulin resistance
- Repeat OGTT or GTT – If borderline results
✅ Fasting Required?
Situation | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
Non-pregnant (Diabetes diagnosis) | ✅ Yes – Fasting (8–10 hours) required before glucose load |
Pregnancy (DIPSI method) | ❌ No fasting required – Done in non-fasting state |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Blood glucose test taken 2 hours after 75g oral glucose load |
Why | Diagnose diabetes, prediabetes, or gestational diabetes |
Normal Range | <140 mg/dL (non-diabetic), <140 mg/dL (GDM screen) |
Diabetes Threshold | ≥ 200 mg/dL (non-pregnant), ≥ 140 mg/dL (pregnant) |
Follow-up Tests | FBS, HbA1c, PPBS, insulin, lipid profile |
Fasting Required | ✅ Yes (general), ❌ No (pregnancy DIPSI protocol) |
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